organic and mineral formations of the earth's crust - is minerals.In most cases, the chemical composition and physical properties permit their use in production.It should be noted that the accumulation of minerals can have a different kind: she was, flow, formation, etc.
significant concentrations of materials in one place called deposit (pool).Let's take a closer look at what is building minerals as they are mined, and where, in fact, used.
Overview and Concepts
Construction minerals (or non-metallic, non-metallic) used in industry.Interestingly, they may be used in its natural form, or as a raw material.That minerals and rocks, as we'll discuss a little later.
from the list of non-metallic minerals is excluded underground water, oil, gas, coal and other combustible materials.At the same time, sand, gravel etc.It can be attributed to the non-metallic.Statistics show that over the past 7-10 years fossils, used in construction, outpaced the volume of ore mining materials.
Non-metallic group differs from the metal so that the composition of the product can vary greatly depending on the field and other parameters.Therefore, before the prey always requires an assessment of possible applications of a material in a particular area.
The rock
substance of origin may be in a solid, soft or loose state, depending on the material.In fact, the rocks - it's loose or dense materials from which formed the Earth's crust.They may consist of a homogeneous or more kinds of minerals, rocks and other debris etc.The composition of minerals depends on the processes occurring in the Earth's crust.If you are the most striking examples of rocks used in construction, it is sand, clay, granite, basalt, salt, coal and more.It is difficult to say which of the three groups of rocks most often used in industry.If we consider the sedimentary rocks, it is sand and limestone.Metamorphic rocks are rich in shale and clay.
For more information on minerals
Mineral is a homogeneous body, usually solid.Indeed, this component can be regarded as the main component of the rock.Of course, it is necessary to understand that the minerals today a huge amount.For example, quartz group is composed of many elements: amethyst, crystal, citrine, etc.It is noteworthy that the water does not apply to minerals.This is due to the fact that it is classified as a liquid mineral called ice.
We all know that construction minerals must meet a number of requirements, the main ones are: hardness, ductility, brittleness, etc.In most cases they have optical properties.Such, for example, gloss and color, neglected, but only if they do not have a significant impact on the crystal structure of the mineral.Now consider where the most often used rocks.
Application
Nonmetallic minerals can be used anywhere.If we talk about the economy, they often play the role of building materials.This is best suited granite, marble, limestone.The raw material using different types of fertilizers phosphorite, apatite and potassium salts.
chemical production non-metallic minerals also have great importance, since it uses sulfur, apatite, etc.Widely used in rock and metal.As fluxes attract limestone and quartzite, and creating refractory structures may be used, dolomite, magnesite, and fire clay.It is noteworthy that a variety of properties can be used the same components in various industries.For example, graphite has found its application in metallurgy, electrical engineering, nuclear power and chemical industries.
Methods mining
Humanity for many hundreds of years to invent more and more new methods of extraction.During this time formed a number of ways:
- open;
- closed;
- combined.
But it can only produce solid minerals.According to statistics, about 90% brown coal and 70% of the ore get open way.At the same time, liquid and gaseous minerals are mined entirely different method.For this drilled hole, through which the evacuated gas, oil and al. In special storage.
mining methods used in the construction, limited careers.In fact, it is completely mechanized work, which involves the use of bulldozers and other heavy equipment.In any case, before the extraction is first determined depth, as well as conditions and only then be determined with the method.For example, to start production in some quarries impractical because too high transportation costs.
Classification of non-metallic materials
heterogeneity of non-metallic mineral resources leads to the fact that they are extremely difficult to classify.As noted above, one component can be used anywhere.Nevertheless, the above-mentioned resources are divided into two main groups:
- on the use of: mining, chemical raw materials and mining raw materials, building materials, as well as crystals (technical);
- geological origin: rocks (refer to the most popular type of non-metallic minerals, have a relatively simple structure).
In addition, there are minerals - a rare minerals with small deposits.They have a high cost.
list all the names of minerals, we will not.This is due to the fact that there are plenty of them.Therefore, we have divided the minerals used in construction and not only in scope and origin.
few important points
We reviewed all the currently existing classes of minerals.As you can see, this is a very large group.It is worth noting that almost all over the globe have minerals.The differences can be only in their composition, depth, as well as chemical properties.The world is constantly under development of mineral resources, open up new career built wells and mines.
Conclusion We learned that a construction minerals.Of course, they can hardly be called that way, because they find their application in other industries.Nevertheless, one can hardly imagine a modern building without world production of non-metallic minerals.Get at least a binder element, like sand.No house can not be built without it.But it is necessary to understand that the minerals of the earth are formed for a long time under low and high temperatures, high and low pressure.For this simple reason it makes sense to use natural resources more efficiently.
Now that you know the name of the main minerals and their classification.
