Cone crushers - continuous device for crushing rocks and ores of different levels of hardness (medium, small).The main difference from the jaw is that they do not have idle.Once the pieces of material of different fractions fall into the crusher, they are crushed between two mobile half-cone and fixed bowl.This design is rational for crushing ore for ferrous and nonferrous metals, so it is in this sector are the most widely used machines found.Let's talk about the structure, working principle and characteristics of cone crushers.
Classification devices
Currently cone crusher can be divided into large devices (CCD), medium (SDC) and fine crushing (CMD).
CCD characterized by the fact that they are able to take pieces of rock from 400 to 1 200 mm in the output gap in the 75-300 mm.Performance of such a unit is from 150 to 2 300 m3 / h.Sometimes the only cone crusher can cope with the tasks.Why so, you will learn a little later.
RACs have dimensions of 600-900 millimeters in the cone and can handle pieces of ore from 60 to 300 mm, and the output to give a fraction at 12-60 mm.Performance of such units - not less than 12 and not more than 580 m3 / h.
Speaking of the CMD, the receiver is designed to pieces in the 35-100 mm, and the output can get the items in 3-15 mm.Performance of crushers - 12-220 m3 / h.If we consider the principle of operation of the unit in a few words, we have something like this.Cone performs a rotary motion.Clinging to one side of the stationary bowl, he crushes the ore, and when moving away in the opposite direction, a fraction gets into the exit slit.Then the cycle repeats.
roll crusher
From the name you can understand that as a working body of the cylindrical roller stands.Material fed to crushing from a charging device on, then enters between the rolls and is subjected to grinding.
Such crushers are classified according to the number of rolls.There are 1, 2 and 4 roll assemblies.It is worth noting that in the latter case, two mounted dvuvalkovye mills, which are located one above the other.The surface of the working body can be grooved, smooth or toothed.In some cases, use different combinations.For example, one roll is smooth, and the second - a toothed or corrugated.This is done to improve the crushing of ore and produce the desired fraction.
Industrial roller crusher has a diameter of the body of 400-500 mm at lengths of 0.4-1.0 in diameter.Currently, these units are used for crushing medium strength rocks small.
widespread two-roll crusher, which is ideal for grinding wet and sticky materials.In operation, the rolls formed on the plaque, which is removed by special scrapers.The gap between the rollers is set depending on the diameter of the fraction to be obtained.And now back to the cone crusher and look at them in more detail.
Crusher with their hands - it's easy and simple
As noted above, to produce a grinding device for the industrial scale of his own unrealistic.But for use in everyday life is something you can improvise.In the course of the various means available will be used.
Let's look at the simplest version of the crusher.This container, which shaft is mounted on bearings.Last is equipped with several working bodies, such as knives.Also, we need a low-power motor - let it be the instrument for 1 kW, through which the shaft is set in motion.A compound of the shaft and motor are best implemented with multiple V-belt transmission wheels of different diameters.So it will be possible to adjust the rotation speed of the blades of the crusher.
What approach this unit, you ask?Of course, to crush ore and other species will not, but it is we, in fact, not necessary.But such a crusher, made with his own hands, quite suitable for handling grains, grass, etc.In principle, agriculture very powerful one, moreover, that make it easy.But sometimes the simplest crushers can find its application in the construction industry for grinding of crushed stone or gravel.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated, just need to find the right tools and parts for the future of the unit.You can increase the capacity of the crusher setting another drive, say, 5 or even 10 kW, but in this case the belt drive should be replaced by simple gear-reducer.
equipment for crushing rubble
Currently crusher for rubble may have some design features.What is a jaw crusher?The essence of her work lies in the fact that the material falls between two cheeks (oscillating plate) and ground.By adjusting the gap, it is possible to receive various gravel fraction.When the material needs of small and medium-sized cube-shaped, used cone crushers (CMD) to rubble.That this decision is most common in construction.Do not forget about the roll crusher.With their help you can get gravel fines.
I would like to elaborate on the cone crushers.The fact that they can be used to receive the cuboid rubble, which is used for sprinkling of roads and the construction for concrete.
worth noting that the cone crusher for crushed stone is good because it uses a technology called "stone on stone".It consists in the fact that created cramped conditions in which about 30% is crushed gravel rubbing together.But to implement this method of work performed under the rubble crusher.The movable cone with this approach is completely closed rubble ("Dam").There is a small flaw in the form zakrupneniya fraction outlet.For unloading this slot is slightly larger than the feed material.
the advantages and disadvantages of cone crushers
There are many pros and cons, which are required to be mentioned.Since the shape of the crushing surface does not form a regular cone, at the different stages and areas of the crushing strength can vary significantly.But this forced action, which managed to achieve by changing the angle of the cone at its height, which requires technology.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the main disadvantage cone crusher (CD) is its increased power consumption.Little has been said before about how to achieve some savings during operation.Moreover, the structure itself is quite bulky capacious and that in some cases it complicates the operation.
Previously often faced with the problem of how to jam the crusher due to ingress of solid rock.Today, this lack persists by setting the cup spring suspension to the frame.If necessary, the outlet slot increases in size, and a solid piece of rock falls down.
in recent years has been somewhat improved cone crusher.Drawings innovators had one distinctive make - unbalance type vibrators.The latter provide an additional movable cone vibration, which makes crushing quality.In addition, the benefits of CD should include the performance.The important role played by the continuity of the process, and the ability to run "from the rubble," that is filled with movable cone.
CD with hydraulic gap control
We said that debalansiry attributed to innovative solutions.Despite the fact that the design of the crusher has become a bit more complicated, it was possible to reduce the vibration of the unit during operation, and it is not necessary the construction of large foundations, as virtually no dynamic loads.All this has improved the quality and productivity of crushing, however, the issue of energy consumption remained at the same level.
As for the hydraulic design CD, this innovation has stuck.This approach helped to achieve more easily customize the size of the gap at the exit.
hydraulic device can also be used as a compensator, ie a fuse.It is necessary when working on the body gets a solid piece of rock.They have been applied and hydraulic valves, protective sleeve and drive components from dust and dirt, and, as a consequence of increased wear.But today, not every company is able to produce such a machine.The most common cone crusher (RACs) with the hydraulics, "Ash-Werke", "Wedag" and other leaders in the production of such equipment.But now let's look at some interesting nuances.
Cone-jaw crusher
Some few words should be said about the development of the designers of the company "Ash-Werke."The fact that during the operation KD faced with a problem - you can not download large chunks of rock.Make it did not allow the lack of a diameter of the hopper.The design solution was to create a unique form of movable cone and fixed bowl CD.Thus, the upper part of the plant has turned out flat, allowing uploads to breed a large fraction.
In the first section of the device works as a classical jaw crusher.In the middle and bottom of the unit you will notice a gradual narrowing of the gap.As a result of this - the standard cone crusher (DCC) 600.
From the above it can be concluded that this approach allows the use of large pieces of rock as a jaw crusher, and the output is a cube-shaped rubble that belongs only to the CD.
jaw crusher: Functioning and benefits
essence of fragmentation in this unit is that the rock or ore is compressed between the cheeks, that is working bodies.One cheek is fixed and rigidly fixed, the second makes a rocking motion by means of a rod.These mills are classified in the same way as the cone, and there are large, medium and fine crushing.Size fractions of the output depends on the size of the gap at the output of which can be adjusted by mechanical or hydraulic drive.
working chamber is wedge-shaped, and then grinding the ore occurs.Material is loaded, is crushed and falls by gravity to the discharge port.
currently uses several types of jaw crushers, which are different from each other cheek swing path.Divides them into simple and complex.The latter differ more efficient crushing rocks and ores.But you should pay attention to the fact that it is extremely important to observe the optimum moisture content of the material.Thus, the crusher can work with RMA ore, the amount of moisture in which - no more than 6-8%.If this figure is increasing at least a few percent, the performance deteriorates several times.
Inertia CD and scope of
We've talked a bit about these crushers in this article.
They also called dibalansnymi and are composed of a vibration device.These units play an important role in the construction of roads (both road and railway).From this we can conclude that this decision is extremely important in building organizations.
around the world use the CD with the eccentric drive, which simplifies the adjustment and restrict change only unloading slot.This approach allows to obtain crushed rock, which is 85% of the total output is a cuboid, which is considered a very good result.
main problem lies in the low-frequency oscillations of the moving cone.If the frequency increases, the increased dynamic oscillations, which leads to the destruction of the foundation.Designers are constantly striving to increase the cube-shaped stones, as it directly affects the quality and durability of roads.
Conclusion
So we talked about what are the CD, what is their structural differences, etc.You already know how to make the crusher, so the urgent need to be able to make the machine, which, though not suitable for industrial scale, but for the consumer needs is quite amiss.
There are alternative solutions, such as jaw crusher, cone, which is ideal when conventional CD is not suitable.A separate question - the price of the crusher.Here it is difficult to give specific figures.The fact that the more complex unit, the more is the cost.Naturally, the unit smaller capacity, for example, the KMD 600, will cost less than the average in 1200. KMD will have to pay for the mill about five thousand euros.
Well, that's all you can tell us about the cone crushers, which are indispensable for kuboobraznogo gravel, crushed rock and ore of different size and hardness.
