Park Russian Air Force transport aircraft is aging rapidly.This fact can not leave indifferent the leaders of the defense department, interested in the maximum mobility of the armed forces.Aircraft for decades served the army "workhorses" gradually wear down, replacement parts are becoming less available and reliable service life for all Anov is not endless.Advances in technology also contributes to the needs of both civilian carriers and their military colleagues.Everyone is waiting for the new aircraft, and there is some reason to believe that a new "draft force" will be the IL-112.It is not yet "in the metal", it exists only on paper, but in our technological times, everything happens very quickly.
From Antonov Ilyushin to
In the USSR, the development of transport aircraft traditionally occupied CB DCAntonova, located in the Ukrainian capital of Kiev.Oleg K. was transferred to the capital of Soviet Ukraine in 1946 in Novosibirsk, where he managed a branch of Yakovlev Design Bureau.It has created many wonderful Antonov aircraft, most of which today roam the skies above the CIS countries and far beyond.These machines are reliable, beautiful and "friendly" to the pilots, they "forgive" some management mistakes.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union Design Bureau.OK.Antonov was Ukrainian, and solve the problems of the Russian armed forces in the field of air transport grew from year to year more and more difficult.In addition to political conflicts and interfere with the case, many technical defects.Whatever it was, the Russian leadership has set a target: to build the aircraft on their own, without relying on foreign suppliers and developers.Part of this strategy should be the Il-112, the characteristics of which (in particular, in the capacity of six tons) has successfully replaced a vast park An-26 and An-24T, An-32 and other machines that serve in our army for decades.
criteria
Army in the mid-nineties the issue re transport aircraft was already quite serious.The main contenders for the supply of a new basic model of aircraft light-duty (5-6 ton) had two.Ukrainian An-140 on the whole Russian customers came, but a number of indicators not entirely satisfy them.In particular, the army leadership insisted on the need for the ramp, which was very successful at the An-26, and is both a ramp and a lifting mechanism.
One major requirement was the ability to use unpaved runways.To the greatest extent consistent with these stated parameters IL-112, with only one reservation.Ukrainian An-140 already collected, it can be touched, but the Russian aircraft existed only on paper and layout.
Total schematics
interesting structural and schematic approach taken by the designers of the company "Ilyushin".All that was good (and this was a lot of) the "Anton's" they have adopted.To see this, it suffices to compare the formula of the last two aircraft CB - IL-114 and IL-112.The first one (he, incidentally, was not very successful) is the classic "ILYUSHIN" scheme, which is characterized by low-wing two nacelles, proven even in the IL-12, and round in cross-section fuselage (monocoque).This pattern, in turn, is associated with "Douglas" DC-3 was used in the design of IL-18 and IL-38.
aircraft Antonov Design Bureau are inherent in other features: the upper wing has a location under it suspended the engines, the fuselage cross section of the top surface includes close to a half-cylinder, and the bottom - almost flat (monocoque).That's what Il-112.Photo and size suggest proximity to the ideologies of the aircraft AN-24 and its subsequent modifications (AN-26, AN-30 and AN-32).
Of course, this is not about plagiarism.Each aircraft design developed on the basis of terms of reference and general ideas will lead to the emergence of apparently similar aircraft, even if their appearance keep strict secrecy.Saying that "ILYUSHIN" copied something from "Antonovites" impossible.Especially because so far no preferences they have not received.
Note that the problems did IL-112 from the beginning of the project.
problems into production
More than two decades ago, in 1993, the sketch plane model was presented for discussion by the state commission.A year later, after the release of a government decree, it began designing its two versions - military transport and passenger.
The original idea was to combine the efforts of Bashkir oil and aircraft manufacturers.The plant Kumertau (ibid build helicopters "Ka") planned to launch another one, "airplane", a line of financing the project through the sale of hydrocarbons.In the context of "dashing nineties" of this scheme, which promised success at the beginning, unfortunately, it did not work out.
Experts Bureau decided to expand the production of IL-112 in Voronezh aircraft factory VASO.The enthusiasm of the team contributed to the victory in the competition of the Air Force, where the new car had to withstand serious competition with transport companies, has created these masters of their craft - Sukhoi, MiG, Tupolev ASTC and Experimental Machine Building Plant.VMMyasishcheva.It seemed close to success.
unexpected obstacles
fate of Il-112, however, evolved complicated.On the one hand, the launch of a series of prosperous hindered political and departmental reasons.The project is a deep modernization of the transport of heavy Il-76MD-90A absorbs too much budget, and so developers then-defense minister Serdyukov proposed to seek their own sources of funding.This problem has been known to be difficult, if not have a solution, as the civil aviation market came to foreign competitors, and for the sake of what, in fact, designed aircraft (ie military order) did not bring money.On the other hand, it began another round of political trade with Ukraine over that same AN-140.
Technical problems
Although it was a difficult task of raising funds in the absence of government funding, the company "Ilyushin" to solve it.The project is included in the state defense contracts with the deadline of the first flight.He was appointed in 2008 and then moved to the 2010-th.The annual demand estimated at 18 pieces.
But to this date to give developers the result failed.There were several reasons, and they were purely technical in nature.However, the main was that the partners (plant Klimov) failed to provide suitable engine Il-112.
characteristics of the aircraft depends on its power plant.The power required for this aircraft is 3.5 thousand hp.(2 x 1.75 thous.), And "Klimovsk" motor TV7-117ST developed only 1.4 thousand. In order to show the desired result, the new Ilu lacked the 700 "horses".
Understanding plane
So, now the main thing, that is, that the same is the Il-112.This all-metal monoplane with riveted joints of the basic units, made of titanium and duralumin precision, with some elements made of composite materials.Wing high position, with the two nacelles, its high degree of mechanization, to reduce run-out brake pads there.The fuselage is divided into three compartments.Truck section (like everyone else) leaks.The tail unit T-shaped.The door is aligned with the ramp, ramp and ramp are located in the tail section.The chassis has five pillars, the main pillar in the side removed nodules on the sides.
Flight performance
speed of the new aircraft would be approximately the same as that of the An-24 and An-26 - from 480 (cruising) to 550 km / h.The ceiling - 7600 m, range - up to 1000 km, but significantly improved takeoff and landing characteristics.To take off, Ilu require CPA length of 870 m and to sit down - 600 m. The major changes undergone avionics.It is expected that devices will be the most modern.A spacious cargo bay, its capacity exceeds the size of the load, which can carry the AN-140.
how good it is?
IL-112 - the plane is not ideal, but we can confidently say that it is quite good.Provided replacement engines for domestic VC-3500 in certain structure modifications he may perform the tasks of transport aircraft, and even has some export potential.A new type of machine several years ago became interested in the armed forces of India and a good reputation prompt a closer look at her and other prospective customers.Also important is the fact that today, our Department of Defense no longer harbors hopes for fruitful cooperation with Western partners, stopping their attention to domestic technology.Nothing is more contemporary today we have not, but time is running out.
good news
project celebrated its twentieth anniversary, it can be called protracted.It is possible that when another scenario of the political situation, this project would have joined the list of unrealized ideas, but recently have sounded encouraging news.IL-112 will still bring to mind, and at the direct orders of the President of the Russian Federation.He is one of the best in its class, and its production will be an excellent way of raising the domestic aircraft industry.This will require money, and they will be allocated.
Samara "Aviacor" will be the main basis on which to assemble the IL-112.2014, therefore, was decisive in the fate of the aircraft.It is hoped that a maximum of three years, will take its first flight.
This decision was made possible after a change of the concept of the transport aircraft - namely, the collection of all production and design of power in a single structure.However, experts believe that should not be too soon to write off aircraft veterans.Modernization of proven and reliable aircraft Soviet models will allow time to develop and bring to the desired level of new aircraft, which will replace them.
