US - a prosperous country.In which many would like to live or just visit.However, as a blessing in disguise, because there is no perfect place to stay.In America, natural disasters often occur: it is regularly flooded by heavy rains, often sweep over her strong tornadoes and tornadoes.These natural phenomena are so strong that they literally can sweep a small town.
But perhaps the most misery it brings tornadoes in the United States.Every year they leave residents homeless and deprived of life of hundreds of people.
Of particular interest is a natural phenomenon is for thrill-seekers.There is hardly a person who has not heard about the tornado hunters.They examine it from the inside, they know how to behave in this force and what to expect from it.
tornado
This is a natural disaster occurs when two weather fronts - cold and warm.It is a very strong vortex.It appears tornadoes in the United States of the so-called parent cloud.This is the usual dark cloud, which is full before the storm.It is because ordinary people are rarely able to anticipate trouble, because apparently it looks the same as usual.
This funnel cloud formed as cold air tends to sink lower and lower, and the heat rises.Rapid movement of air spiraling causes the vortex that may fall to the ground or so and remain suspended in the air.
As already noted, a tornado - is atmospheric vortex of terrible destructive force that is born on the border of warm and cold atmospheric fronts.Birth - a fairly accurate term, because there is a natural disaster of the "parent cloud" - thundercloud that the first stage of a completely harmless and does not cause any suspicion among civilians.
When a tornado reaches the ground, it begins to "creep" on it.Hurricane tornado moves erratically, to predict the trajectory of his way not possible.This makes the vortex very dangerous, as you never know what to do and where to go if a person is in an open area.
Time riot tornadoes in the United States is also difficult to predict - several seconds to hours.
man caught in the epicenter of the vortex, can be lost, not only from a fall from a great height, but from collisions with other objects, that a hurricane sweeps in its path.
Hunters tornado
Not all people are caught by surprise element.Some scientists, extreme deliberately seeking a meeting with the destructive force to examine the nature of this monster, to understand the principles of his behavior and learn how to tame the vortices.Some tend to get in for the thrill and bright appearance, while others want to make a discovery that will help to avoid further damage.
such people was referred to as a tornado hunters.
phenomenon Deadly chase on vehicles equipped with a variety of devices and video equipment.Such passion, though extremely dangerous, however, becomes every year more and more fans who are willing to risk their lives for the sake of invaluable training and measurement.
Looking danger
Most tornadoes occur in the world is in the United States.There is even a term - Avenue.It is located in these states: Texas, South Dakota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri.This is an imaginary line on which the probability of a deadly vortex is particularly high, since it is here that there are cold and warm atmospheric fronts.The greatest number of tornadoes account for Texas.
Statistics show that along this line of tornadoes in the United States there is about a thousand times in one year.And although from the middle of the last century all tornadoes carefully fixed, the beginning of each track is almost impossible, since small objects difficult to observe, and their occurrence is unpredictable.
Tornado Alley is located between the mountain ranges of the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains.This area is characterized by dry, frequent droughts, and that it is located at the meeting place of the hot air humid.
Here fixed and a kind of "coven" of vortices, when 37 tornadoes were played at the same time in different capacities.This happened in 1965.And many towns have been hit hard.
What's going on in the heart of the storm
pressure inside the funnel is very low, because the difference is formed between the center and the extreme zones.Focus is also called the area of peace, or eye.
This phenomenon was discovered by a journalist from France Maulana, when he dared to fly through the horror of the tornado to see what is going on inside this monster.
Later it was confirmed by the witnesses the disaster in one of the states.Whirlwind flew over their heads, without touching the ground, because they were able to see his "internal".
pressure drop leads to the fact that the objects fall within simply torn apart.In one case, when a tornado in America "plucked" chickens.Capturing birds, after a time he delivered them, but left without feathers.This phenomenon is explained by the fact that at the base of the feathers have airbag, which exploded and separated them from the skin of birds.
tornado
Types There are several types of vortices, which are dependent on the location of the material (sand, water, air), and even the intensity of form.
The most common bichepodobnye or Flail tornado.In the world of these tornadoes are found practically everywhere where there is a collision of atmospheric fronts.
Such objects are thin, straight or winding, "sprout" from the clouds to the ground.
little less often appear vague so-called instances.Large range of coverage and the similarity to a simple cloud that has fallen to the ground - the main danger of the tornado.Photos of this option can be easily confused with a low thunderstorm cloud, but its power is enough to destroy the house and pick up the car.
most need to fear component.It is a few small eddies, which are united by one common funnel.In appearance they resemble bichevidnye, however, pose a serious hazard.
The shape of a tornado may resemble an hourglass, cascade, glass and so on. D.
Where to go in search of a tornado
Win-win place - plains states between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains.It is now the state of Missouri, Illinois, Oklahoma, Kansas, and others are on this band.If you do not have much time, you should immediately go to Texas, because there, in view of the geographical location, most of the raging elements.
Many tornadoes in the United States hurt several states at once, because you can only imagine the destructive power of this tornado.
not go unheeded disasters and states such as Indiana and Florida.They rarely can be found a strong whirlwind, but they are more likely to visit this area than elsewhere in the world.
In any case, before you go in pursuit of the nature of this phenomenon, it is necessary to carefully prepare for a riot of tornadoes.The photo does not have to cost a life.
Some statistics
victims of deadly tornadoes each year are hundreds of people.Among all the features of a hurricane, the greatest danger is the strength and unpredictability of the funnel.There are no laws, except the chaos which could predict the trajectory of motion.
speed of a tornado is staggering.Sometimes the wind vortex can overcome more than 400 kilometers per hour on the surface, in the heart - from 20 meters per second, and even up to 1300 kilometers per hour.Such a tornado can carry off the face of the earth not only small homes, but also a decent size brick structure.
foot to get away from the tornado column unreal.Firstly, the speed on the surface varies from 30 km / h and up to 70. The diameter of the vortex may exceed 300 meters.Plus unpredictable movement.
Official studies have made it possible to establish the scale of assessment of the destructive power of the vortex - Fujita.According to her testimony, it allocates 5 degrees of intensity of a tornado.
Scary tornado first half of the last century
officially registered occurrences of tornadoes, their power, territory, traffic began to lead America only in 1950.However, this, too, can find information on the largest vortices.
The earliest documented references - Mettunskom of tornadoes in the United States, which swept over the country 26 May 1917.Then element claimed hundreds of lives.
Perhaps the most famous is the tornado that went through three states - Illinois, Indiana and Missouri.It was vague hurricane with a radius of more than half a kilometer.Did not exist Fujita Scale, but modern scientists are confident that we can estimate the strength of the storm is not lower than F5, which is the highest degree of danger.Then the number of deaths has reached almost 700 and the number of survivors, but the affected people - about 2000.
legendary tornado last century
In May 1840, Mississippi was shaken by the strongest tornado that raged in the city of Natchez.This is the first and only tornado in which the number of deaths exceeded the number of victims.
explained this paradox as a surprise and unprecedented force funnel.Moreover, official data do not represent a reliable picture.The height of the trade by black slaves and their ruthless exploitation has led to the fact that rabsilu simply no longer believed.
Modern scientists estimate hurricane force 5 points.
loss, which brought a tornado at the time amounted to more than a million dollars.The sum for those times almost cosmic.
most expensive tornado
another tragedy brought a tornado of 1986, which destroy everything in St. Louis, Missouri.Then he took the lives of 255 people (this is only the official statistics).Count the exact number of victims is not yet possible, because many bodies simply washed into the river.And only some of them were found after.
a doctor then asked more than 1000 people.Destruction or deterioration remained above 9,000 buildings.
total cost of loss based on today's exchange rate - more than $ 3 billion.Approximately the money needed for the reconstruction of Joplin in 2011 after similar in strength of tornadoes.
But even such a monster is not the most powerful.His mark - F4.
Sudden tornado that prevented play
As is known, the element does not suffer and is not considered a human being.This once again confirmed the whirlwind, 2012, which took place in the USA during the Open tennis tournament.One of the most prestigious competitions of America was in jeopardy because of the tornado raged in New York.Witnesses said that the noise from the crater resembled a train coming.Fortunately, this has not led to a whirlwind of death.
Along the coast surfing competitions are held, which also had to hastily interrupted.
warning of tornadoes
areas of increased activity of tornadoes - is the United States and Australia.The hurricane season begins in June and ends in December.And the peak occurs from August to October.Funnels that arise in this area, can reach a couple of kilometers, and that's enough to wipe out a small town or village.Precisely because
predict the occurrence of a tornado in the area - not just important, but vital.
noteworthy that even at home on the line much violence of elements built on a special plan - each of them must have protivotornadnoe basement room, durable and resistant to water and fire, to the inhabitants of the home can escape quickly and safely.
also been established and a reporting system of vortices.In such places there are special sirens that warn residents about their appearance.But informed of the approach of danger today is possible not earlier than 15 minutes.
Going in pursuit of the unknown
Kudos fearless, who decided to try their luck and chased tornadoes.If you too want to repeat their feat, the first thing you need to know - this activity does not suffer loneliness, you must be at least one partner.Check
technique hundreds of times.Cameras, car navigation systems must work properly and be as resistant to moisture and dust.
And take care of yourself - that's the main thing.After all, in the pursuit of successful shots, you can lose the most precious - life.Tornadoes and Tornado ruthless, do not expose yourself to unnecessary risk.
