Today EAEC questions about what it is, what power can afford to enter into, gradually find their answers.Obviously, such a seemingly robust international organizations such as NATO and the European Union, rallied the Western world resulting in the contraction of the same logical force policy in the East.And Russia is seeking to become the center of such a force, creating the EAEC, the alliance aims to generate not only economic growth but also political weight.
inactive CIS
EAEC - what is it?Formally, this is a young international association, represents the east west confrontation monoliths.However, the Eurasian Union is not a new idea, it was established on the basis of pre-existing, but showed itself inefficient organizations.In principle, the first alliance in the territory can be considered a well-known CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States, which for the most part been inactive Union, having very little informative.
second company in this space was the Eurasian Economic Community.The idea of its establishment was filed by President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in 1994.Within five years, the partners were looking for optimal solutions for the implementation of the new partnership.And in 2000, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan signed a contract according to which the partnership entered into force in 2001.
Customs Union
One of the main issues of the Eurasian Economic Community was to discuss the creation of a single customs area.As a result, in early 2010 in the framework of the EurAsEC Customs Union started working.The Union was created to enhance trade integration, the creation of tax-free shopping zones where exchanges have not been accompanied by any economic constraints were.The alliance includes all states EAEC, education is also actively discussed ever since.
introduction of a single customs code, which was adopted and ratified by all States parties, has not been straightforward.The conflict broke out between the Kremlin and Minsk, so much so that Vladimir Putin has threatened the Belarusian leader that the Union's action will start without him.As a result, in April 2011, traffic control on the Russian-Belarusian border has been canceled.While maintaining the border and migration control, exports from these countries implies a zero rate of VAT and the lack of payment of excise duties.When you import VAT and excise taxes come to the tax authorities of the Russian Federation.
The second step - to a single space
In late 2011, the participating countries have established the Eurasian Economic Commission.Among the main tasks of the commission was, including further strengthening of economic ties as a springboard, which was to turn around and the creation of the EAEC.
In early 2012, was established the Common Economic Space (CES), enhances the mutual integration of the countries.Getting started was marked ratified by all members of the space created by the documents in the amount of 17 agreements.
This was the last organizational step, the result of which was signed on 29 May last year, the business center of Kazakhstan, Astana, agreement on establishing the EAEC.The first of January this year, the union entered into force with the participation of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, on the day after the agreement was ratified by Armenia.It was only after four months held the entry of Kyrgyzstan.
Armenian share
a long time with the accession to the Russian Union of the Asian theater of world geopolitics pulled Armenia.And although the new-born country joined the union on January 2 this year, until then pulled a few years for additional preferences for any talks on accession to the Customs Union is the same in earlier organization.As a result of delaying tactics Armenia knocked 1.13% stake from customs duties of goods imported into the territory of the Union.It is worth noting here that the country has no direct borders with any of the participants of the Customs Union.In addition to the common customs tariff for the purchase of goods (mainly talking about agricultural products) of Armenia will go only by 2022.In the milk, eggs and honey individual tariffs will be in force until 2020, and in fruits and nuts - until 2019 th.
Similar exemptions are provided in other types of food products.Up to 2018 will apply zero tariffs on gasoline, one with the EAEC tariff will be introduced only in 2020.Likewise it is planned to adjust tariffs on pharmaceuticals, organic and inorganic products, fertilizers, household chemicals, and others.
benefits for the new party formed mainly on the biggest players union - Russia and, according to estimates of some economists, at the end of this year would cost $ 5.2 billion.It should be added that shortly before the official accession of Armenia to the EAEC, the European Union has allocated 77.5 million euros.
The regiment arrived
Last date party to join the Union, he became Kyrgyzstan EAEC finally take a new player on May 29, according to the documents signed.On accession on May 8 this year, said the newly elected president of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.In his speech, he noted that all the doubts that arose earlier, have been removed.
Moreover, at the same time the Kazakh leader said about intention is expressed EAEC country not so long ago, to conclude an agreement on free trade zone with Vietnam.Interest in this agreement were also Turkey, Azerbaijan, India and Mongolia.
Economic Development Strategy
Although there was a long way to creating the EAEC, that it is from an economic point of view - is still not very clear.Declared several positive aspects of the integration of national economies.In particular, the final cost of the goods should be reduced by significantly reducing the costs of transport of goods inside the country, as well as to sell them abroad.The economic development of the participating countries should be at the same level, which will allow "healthy" competition.Meanwhile, as the country reached the same level, not explained.In addition, it is expected that the reduction in costs as a result of the abolition of trade barriers would increase productivity and, as a consequence, to raise the salary.
EAEC expands territory and economic growth will lead to an increase in demand, believe the adherents of the union, which in turn will stimulate and help build the volume of production of all types of goods.And thus, the welfare of the peoples of the Union must continue to grow every year.
compromise approach
spite of the declared objectives, the existence alliance yet started with the obligations lightweight form.So, a much smaller range of powers was left of the Eurasian Economic Commission and the courts, which were to monitor and regulate compliance with the agreements.In case of failure of ECE regulations, the dispute goes to court the plane.However, decisions made by the court, are advisory in nature, and the final decision on contentious points are taken at the level of leaders of the Council of State.Furthermore until 2025, or even indefinitely postpone a decision on the establishment of the financial regulator EAEC, as well as a single control energy trading.
supervisory bodies
Within the framework of the EAEC the example of the European Union were set up appropriate administrative bodies: the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.The composition of the first administrative organ includes leaders of the participating countries and the chairmen of the governments of these states.Leaders within the Union meet every year at least once, the heads of government are going to, as a rule, twice a year.Decisions are made on a democratic basis, they are binding on all members of the union.The powers VEES also includes determination of the composition and competence of other organs of the Union.
ECE is a permanent organ of the Union.Its powers are defined in the Charter of the EAEC and imply creation of conditions for the successful integration of countries into a single economic realities.ECE also been transferred to the competence of the pre-existing Commission TC.Among them, certain economic, energy, foreign exchange and immigration policy;issues and tariff regulation of natural monopolies, subsidies and foreign trade, and many others.ECE budget is formed by contributions from the member states.
Western reaction
Organization strong eastern alliance, of course, does not smile Western countries.And the European powers and the United States expressed its concern and opposition to any attempts to integrate the former Soviet Union, and even more so in the former structure.The question "EAEC - what it is, first of all, from a political point of view" at first asked almost all political analysts antagonists.
most categorical dissatisfaction sounded by the United States that after the establishment of the Customs Union and in the run-up arrangements EAEC uniquely identified it as Russia's attempts to dominate the post-Soviet space.Meanwhile, according to the American political scientist Zbigniew Brzezinski, Russia could become a powerful country and form the eastern policy only if the association with Ukraine.
prospects of the single currency
Eurasian Union was created relatively recently, however, the most pressing issues remain monetary and financial integration, which involves, in particular, the creation of a single currency, which will strengthen the single market between all the participating countries.Already in March this year, Vladimir Putin has instructed the Central Bank and the Lower House of Parliament to find a solution to these issues together with the central banks of all countries participating in the union before September 1 of the current year.
Among the items discussed in the new currency the "Altyn" (a term of Turkish origin, when he was leaving the Golden Horde) and "Eurasia", which intersects with the euro.Experts commenting on the idea of a single currency, note that full integration is not possible without it.Earlier also expressed the idea of a single Eurasian Central Bank following the example of the European Central Bank in Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus.The signed documents on the issue was listed in 2025.At the same time worsening geopolitical situation is likely to push, in particular, Vladimir Putin accelerated action, analysts say.
political ambitions
As soon as it came to monetary integration within the EAEC, international experts have become even clearer to assess the Union in terms of purely political plane.Experts say that the acceleration of this process with full mistrust to any of the currencies of the participating countries - an extremely risky operation and prospects of the EAEC cause in this section of the big questions.Understanding this, of course, to convince partners to accommodate Moscow, but will manage to get yourself a lot of indulgence.All countries, analysts say, are ready to work together only in the case if they can get something in return.These preferences will be covered at the expense of the Russian budget.And because the extreme interest in the union is evident on the Russian side, and she might be the weakest position.
