overall economic development of any region depends largely on the level of its transport development.And here the great importance of international transport corridors.They connect the different countries, providing them with economic, cultural and scientific-technical cooperation.But international transport corridors - is not only economic benefits here and now.It is also a guarantee of security and successful development of the country for many years to come.
In this article, we will focus on what is international transport corridors as they are formed and developed.
international transport corridor - what is it?
The term "international transport corridor" (or, for short, the ITC) to understand complex transportation system, which is laid on the major directions of traffic.This system involves the combination of its different types - road, rail, marine and pipeline.
Practice shows that international transport corridors most effectively operated within the common economic zone.The most dense network of MTC today is typical for the European region (in particular - for Central and Eastern Europe).This, in particular, contributed to the adoption of the new EU transport policy in 2005.An important role in this new concept took sea transport routes.
formation of international transport corridors has become relevant in a time when the need for large international transport of goods increased significantly.Such corridors are usually of paramount importance for the development of both the cargo, passenger transport still a country or an entire region.
role and importance of ITC
development of international transport corridors is important not only from the standpoint of commercial benefits.For multinational transportation bring not only profit.They also stimulate the growth and development of military, industrial, scientific branch of State.In addition, ITC and actively contribute to the expansion of infrastructure in the regions in which they are held.
In many economically developed countries, the question of transport policy and transport security is put on the highest level of priority.Russia, too, need to learn from them in this respect.
main functions MTK
What are the main objectives should be to carry out international transport corridors?Their are several:
- Providing high quality, reliable and comfortable transportation for all participants in the economic relations.
- Provide original "bridge" opportunities for full-fledged trade turnover between the states.
- participation in the formation of the military security of countries and entire regions.
The last paragraph should stop more detail.The fact that the military security of any territory, without exception, is highly dependent on the level of development of its transport network.In simple words: the more the state highways, railroads and stations, harbors and airports - the easier it is to organize the defense, driving techniques, weapons and resources in case of external military aggression.
system of international transport corridors in Europe and Asia
to major ITC Eurasian region include the following transportation corridors:
- ITC "North - South", covering the Scandinavian countries, the states of Central and Eastern Europe, the European partRussia, the Caspian region and South Asia.
- Trans-Siberian Railway (or MTC "Transsiberian") - is the most important corridors in the expanses of Russia and linking Central Europe with China, Kazakhstan and the Korean peninsula.It has several branches in the Ukraine, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Ulan Bator.
- MTC number 1 (pan-European) - connects important cities of the Baltic States - Riga, Kaliningrad and Gdansk.
- MTC number 2 (pan-European) - connects cities such as Minsk, Moscow, and Nizhny Novgorod.In the future, the continuation of the corridor to Ekaterinburg.
- MTC number 9 (pan-European) - connects Helsinki, northern capital of Russia - St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kiev.
All international transport corridors have their designations - indexes.For example, ITC "North - South" is assigned to the index NS, "Trans-Siberian" - TS, and so on.
System MTC Russian
the territory of our country goes through several MTC.So, the most important international transport corridors of Russia - a "Northern Sea Route", MTC "Primorye-1", MTC "Primorye-2".
transport corridor called the "Northern Sea Route" connecting important cities of Russia - Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Dudinka.It has the international designation - SMP.
MTC "Primorye-1" runs through Harbin, Vladivostok, Nakhodka and goes to the important port of the Pacific region.
MTC "Primorye-2" connects the city of Hunchun, Kraskino, Zarubino and also goes to the ports of East Asia.
International transport corridors in Russia: Problems and Prospects
In today's world there are three powerful pole of economic development: North American, European and East Asian.And Russia, being in a favorable geographical position between these two important poles should take advantage of this situation and establish regular transportation through its territory.In other words, it is our country is obliged to connect these global development centers and a modern transport corridors.
Russia is quite capable to take on almost all the major Eurasian transport streams.Experts predict that with proper restructuring of the domestic transport system this can be achieved already in 15-20 years.In Russia, there are conditions for this: a dense network of railways, an extensive system of highways, the presence of a dense network of navigable rivers.However, the process of formation of effective transport corridors includes not only the expansion of the transport grid, but its modernization, as well as logistics and transport safety.
very promising for Russia is the creation of so-called MTC "East - West" - a major transport corridor that would connect Europe to Japan.The basis of this international transport corridor can now go to the existing Trans-Siberian railroad with branches to the sea ports of northern Russia.
Statistics show that in recent years, trade between Europe and East Asia (primarily Japan and South Korea) increased more than fivefold.The bulk of goods between these regions is transported across the ocean.Therefore, the direct overland transport corridor can be an excellent alternative to the sea route.But for that the Russian authorities should make a lot of effort and material resources.
ITC "North - South"
international transport corridor "North - South" provides a link of the Baltic region with India and Iran.The index of this corridor: NS.
main competitor of the corridor is a maritime transport route through the Suez Canal.However, the ITC "North - South" has a number of tangible benefits.First of all, this overland route is twice shorter than the distance, which means that cargo in this way is much cheaper.
Today particularly active participant in this corridor serves Kazakhstan.The country uses it to transport their export products (primarily cereals) in the Gulf countries.The total turnover of this corridor is estimated at 25 million tonnes of cargo annually.
ITC "North - South" includes three main branches:
- Trans-Caspian - connects the ports of Olya, Astrakhan and Makhachkala;
- East - is an overland rail link Central Asian countries and Iran;
- West - passes through Astrakhan - Samur - Astara (through Makhachkala).
pan-European ITC number 1
extensive transport system in Central and Eastern Europe, called the Pan-European.It covers ten international corridors of different directions.Referred to as "PE" with the addition of a certain number (I to X).
pan-European international transport corridor-1 passes through six countries: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Poland.Its total length is 3285 kilometers (one - 1655 kilometers - on motorways and 1630 km - by train).The pan-European ITC
number 1 binds together major European capital, Helsinki, Tallinn, Riga, Kaunas and Warsaw.Within the boundaries of this corridor are six airports and 11 ports.Part of it lies in the territory of Russia, within the Kaliningrad region, and includes a major Baltic port - the city of Kaliningrad.The pan-European ITC
number 2
In 1994 the island of Crete held a special conference on transport, which has defined the main directions of the future Pan-European transport system.It comprises 10 different directions.
pan-European international transport corridor-2 connects Central Europe with the European part of Russia.He runs across four states.This is Germany, Poland, Belarus and the Russian Federation.The transport corridor connects major cities such as Berlin, Poznan, Warsaw, Brest, Minsk, Moscow, and Nizhny Novgorod.
In conclusion ...
Thus, the development of international transport corridors is of paramount importance for any region of the world.Establishment and effective operation of such corridors intended to not only economic, but also cultural, demographic and military-strategic.
