Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the war has significantly increased and improved base of its air fleet.If in the thirties in the composition of the air fleet was dominated by foreign-made aircraft, then by the middle of the war was dominated by Russian military aircraft.
Background of Soviet military aviation
construction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics assumes full autonomy of any of the branches, whether industrial, agricultural or military.However, at the junction of the twenties and thirties aircraft fleet aircraft were imported.A Russian aircraft were presented only created the ANT-2 and ANT-9 production Tupolev Design Bureau.Problems aviavooruzheniya Red Army in those days were:
- older model vehicles;
- poor technical condition of the aircraft;
- neunifitsirovannost (large spread of models and brands did not allow to optimize the base of spare parts).
Formation of military aircraft before World
positive changes in the industry came with the establishment of the Moscow Aviation Institute.The emergence of the educational platform gave a significant increase in the number of specialists in the aircraft factories and design bureaus.
Soviet government to invest more human and financial resources in the Russian planes.Already for the second pre-war five-year aircraft manufacturers have a broad industrial base of a full cycle.It performs the task of general secretary of Stalin's creation of modern aviation.In the mid-thirties of the last test flight of the first Soviet bomber, hidden under civilian transport ship.The first Russian plane, which then participated in the fighting of World War II, pilots are trained as Levanevsky, Vodop'yanov, Grizodubov and others.
fighter tests were also conducted abroad.For example, in Spain in 1937.Then the planes were tested Polikarpov, Mark and I-15 and I-16.However, the results were disappointing.Machinery essentially lost their German competitors.
Stalin did not stint on the award and the resources allocated to the Russian aircraft designers.Fighters got radioosnastku, as well as through the development of new materials science mixed designs, which greatly improved the performance characteristics of combat vehicles.
Aircraft before the war
clearly shows the state of the prewar military aviation industry Defense Commissar Voroshilov's speech at the plenum of the Central Committee in March 1939.His report described the significant increase of Aviation of the Soviet Union.In particular, the Air Force, as compared to the year 1934, annual increase of 138 percent.A number of aircraft increased by 1.3 times.
ratio.Bombers and fighters
special emphasis on heavy bombers.It was believed that it is the trump card in the fight against Western troops.Therefore heavy bombers took a significant percentage of the aircraft fleet.Park fighter has also been increased by 2.5 times.
By Designers Russian planes were put into an essentially new level.There have also been developed and put into operation the motors M-25 capacity of 715 horsepower air cooling, M-100 with capacity of 750 horsepower, use a water cooling system.Maximum altitude flights also increased and amounted to 14-15 thousand meters.Aircraft have become more streamlined, decreased air resistance machines.Production growth has spurred the introduction of forging and casting streaming.
By 1941, developed from the Soviet Union fighter aircraft MiG considered the most successful, and Yak LAGG.Problem was recognized as IL-2, which is constantly updated.According to the strategy of "Clean Sky", scheduled for release around 100,000 aircraft SU-2, which was held in an unprecedented call for air force.
beginning of the war in the starting
8:00 German attack on the Soviet Union in 1200 was destroyed by Soviet aircraft, including several airports all stores.In the first half, the German air force dominated Soviet.Planes I-15, I-16 essentially lost the latest fascist "Messerschmidt" and "Junker".Sometimes, even on older aircraft managed to achieve victories in aviaduelyah.For a month Russian planes destroyed about 1,300 German air units.
After six months of hostilities aircraft production fell by almost four times.It was connected with the fact that the Germans came close to Moscow, and forced the evacuation of significant production facilities, which produce parts for the aviation industry.So in 1941 the plan for the production of all types of military aircraft was made by only 40 percent.
With the launch of the evacuated enterprises the situation has improved significantly, and by 1944 airports received about 100 combat vehicles daily.Modernization got absolutely all models.From improved is to provide a Yak-3, La-5, IL-10, PE-2, Yak-9.
growth rates can be tracked from year to year:
- 1942 - 25 400 cars.
- 1943 - 34 900 cars.
- 1944 - 40 300 cars.
By 1944 the Soviet Union was superior to Nazi Germany in the number of aircraft in 2,7 times.One factor was the speed of the assembly.The design of our fighters was much more primitive than that of the German and American manufacturers.Of course, not always the quality of the aviaproduktsii was in favor of the Soviet aircraft industry.
Russian aircraft of World.SS2
machine was developed in 1937 in the Tupolev design bureau under the leadership of Pavel Sukhoi.Initially the plane was called "Middle-1 Bomber" and produced with M-88 engine of 1100 horsepower.Su-2 produced at three plants.The flight speed of the Su-2 - more than 490 km / hour, and the altitude is 6000 meters.On board was taken by 6 guns.Bomb load SS2 varied.
SU-2 - one of the first bombers entered the war.It performs a variety of tasks.Subsequently, it has been upgraded to the SU-4.
Yak-9 fighters
From participating in the Second World War, is to provide this model.Even if you compare the photo Russian aircraft Yak-9 has its own exterior styling.It was designed in 1942.The base was the Yak-7b.Due to the replacement of wooden parts for aluminum has been significantly reduced weight fighter.Weapons on board consisted of a heavy machine gun and a cannon.The plane had excellent handling qualities, well-maneuvered and was easy to operate.He also won the previous models in the maximum speed and range.These indicators was a record for all classes of aircraft in 1944.All these properties allow decent fight with the leading military aircraft of the enemy.
production aircraft was carried out a few years after the end of hostilities.And all were released about 16,800 combat vehicles in several versions.
