Students are often interested in the past of the ancient Russian cities.No exception is the story of Sergiev Posad.Briefly it is not easy to pass, because this locality there are almost 7 centuries, during which its lands took place a lot of interesting events.Past Sergiev Posad is inextricably linked with being on the grounds of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra - the largest Russian Orthodox monastery, to see which attracts tourists and the faithful from many countries.Located within the Golden Ring, the city attracts visitors beautiful nature, unique monuments of ancient architecture, interesting museums, and the hospitality of the inhabitants.
foundation of the monastery of Sergiev Posad history dates back to 1347 was then in Radonezh forest on Makovec hill forest near the river Konchury brothers Bartholomew and Stephen built a monastic cell and a small church in the name of the Trinity.The sole purpose of his life the ascetics believed the service of God, and a deserted area near Moscow could not be better for this approach.But soon tired of Stephen dense forests and permanent monastic deprivation.Leaving his brother, he moved to Moscow Monastery of the Epiphany.Bartholomew took monastic vows under the name of St. Sergius and began to live as a hermit in his cell.So it existed in isolation for years.
Over time, Sergius to settle the monks began to come from the nearby lands.They founded the church built around the Holy Trinity Monastery, which by its appearance resembled a wooden fence gated small town.Sergius of Radonezh forbade the monks to take alms from foreign people and ordered them to make a living by their own labor.So the monastery gradually became a center of rich handicraft production.Around him began to build their homes peasants and artisan people.From these settlements gradually formed settlement.Clergymen also patronized the Russian nobility, giving him various privileges and feudal privileges.
role of the monastery in the victory of Kulikovo
history of Sergiev Posad is closely linked with the name of the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, deliver Russian land from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.If you believe the chronicles, in 1380, on the eve of the Battle of Kulikovo, the ruler of the land along with the Russian warriors came to the monastery for the blessing of St. Sergius.
Reverend Father not only spiritually supported the soldiers, but gave them to help his two monks (Alexander Peresvet and Rodion Oslabya) that are perfectly able to handle weapons.After receiving support from Sergius, Dmitry Donskoy and his entourage went to the Kulikovo field to fight the troops of the Golden Horde.According to ancient legends, courageous monks and Oslabya Relight fiercely fought the enemy and killed in battle.But in the end the squad managed to beat Dmitry Donskoy Tatars and this victory marked the beginning of the liberation of Russia from years of oppression.
death of the founder of the city
Reverend father died in 1392 and was buried on the territory of the monastery founded by him.Sergiev Posad is saturated with history.For children the story of the life of the city will look like magic if to tell them why the name of the great monk, its founder, was known far beyond his place of residence.Among the people he became famous as a great miracle worker and righteous, which in the most difficult moment accessed not only simple peasants and nobles.30 years after the death of Sergius canonized.In honor of this event over the place of his burial was laid stone Trinity Cathedral, built at the expense of the son of Dmitry Donskoy Prince George.
destruction of the monastery
history Sergiev Posad has its tragic pages.Despite the fact that as a result of the Battle of Kulikov troops of the Golden Horde had inflicted a crushing defeat, they still occasionally attacked Russian land.In 1408 the Tatars began an offensive on Moscow.When they came in the way of the majestic Trinity Sergius Monastery, Yedigei Khan ordered his army to singe it.Wooden religious buildings burned to the ground and broke.
revival and prosperity
Despite the devastating attack of the Tatars, has not stopped its existence, the monastery, the site of which was later formed Sergiev Posad.The history of the city for children can be told without mention of these facts, but of these, albeit unpleasant events, they also need to know.
3 years after the tragedy in these lands, new religious buildings, which are used for the construction of the stone.Restoration of the monastery firmly on his feet, and with the support of the princes began to develop even faster and better.He owned go far beyond arable land, meadows, homesteading with farms, fishing spots, and so on. D.
Tsar Ivan the Terrible has always listened to the opinion of the high Trinity clergy.In 1561 he received from the monastic clergy endorsement of their policies, which went down in history as the "oprichnina".Support sovereign monks brought new land holdings and replenishment of the treasury at the expense of state-owned people.
In the middle of the XVI century Ivan the Terrible ordered to erect around the land belonging to the monastery, stone walls with 11 towers, after which he turned into a fortress.A Brief History of Sergiyev Posad for children includes colorful examples of how the citadel in the years 1608-1610 with dignity withstood the siege almost polutoraletnyuyu Polish-Lithuanian invaders.When Russia broke out in 1682 a riot musketeers, the stone walls of the monastery hid from the wrath of disgruntled military Princess Sophia Nikolaevna and Prince Ivan and Peter.Within the last 7 years he has been hiding yourself here during his battle for the throne.Having ascended to the throne, Peter I strongly supported the monastery lands.This policy has contributed to the sovereign their future prosperity.
Renaming Lavra monastery in
With the support of rulers and nobles continued the story of Sergiev Posad.For children will be interested to learn that in 1744 the monastery was renamed the monastery.This honorary title gave him new opportunities and strengthened its status among other Russian Orthodox religious institutions.In 1782, many settlements surrounding the monastery joined in the locality called "Sergiev Posad."
educated city received the coat of arms on its territory began to be erected almshouses, retail shops, monastery hotel, opened factories, printing houses.Gradually it became a major center of the toy industry, it has become a symbol of the Russian Matryoshka.In 1865, between Sergiyev Posad and Moscow paved tracks.It attracted a large number of pilgrim monastery and pilgrims.
Policy Bolsheviks
Prosperity Trinity-Sergius Lavra and its affiliated land ended with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks in Russia.All religious institutions in the city were closed.On the territory of the monastery in 1919, founded the museum.The monks were persecuted and repressed.With the card disappeared name "Sergiev Posad."History of city children shows that in 1919 it named Sergius, and in 1930 - Zagorsk.This name he received in honor of the revolutionary Vladimir Zagorski.
Sergiev Posad in Soviet times
In Soviet times the appearance of the city has changed significantly.On its territory it was built new factories.In 1932 there was opened a unique Research Institute of toys.The war with the Germans made a measured life in their cities adjustments.Many of its residents have gone to fight in the front, 14 of them after the fighting was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.Since 1946 religious life in Sergiev Posad gradually began to revive.Since that time, we began to return to the monastery the monks.
In 1976, the city opened a monument to Zagorsk.Since 1980 there started functioning Toy Museum.In honor of the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Kievan Rus' in 1988 in the vicinity of the settlement, near the Church of the Transfiguration it was inaugurated a monument to its founder Sergius of Radonezh.Former title of Sergiev Posad returned after conducted in 1991, a local referendum.
modern city
Sergiev Posad today is a major religious, cultural, historical and administrative center of the Moscow region.Its main attraction is the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.Since 1993, it is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Visit her come not only believers, but all those who are interested in a brief history of the city of Sergiev Posad.
