All sorts of programs or updates that are currently used in Ubuntu, established exclusively from the repositories.However, many users do not even know what it is and what is its main purpose.
What is it?
repository - a special place from which the user of the operating system Ubunty can set all sorts of updates or program.If you've enjoyed and Mac operating systems to Windows, you probably already used to the fact that the software is any one or more of the installation files that the user is provided at certain media or can be downloaded via the Internet.For the Ubuntu operating system also provides the option of software distribution, but it is more related to specialized closed or proprietary software.
Vault - a place which contains much of the software Ubuntu, which is packed in special .deb files containing them required libraries.These files often can be found on the Internet or on any portable storage media, even on CD, from which you installed the operating system itself.
Repository as a universal repository of Ubuntu
However, seeing such files, many users may not even know that a repository.This is a specialized storage server on which the files are.In other words, the repository can be called a kind of source applications, as users from their computers connected to it via a network or the Internet using specialized tools, and then can see what packages are currently already have on your computer, and which can be set.It is worth noting that the overwhelming majority of utilities maintain a procedure simple keyword search and can split packets into several groups according to categories.
Application bundles "repository program" - is the ability to use prostog enough, and at the same time, centralized method of installation or removal of various software, as well as for users so much easier laid out various upgrades.The newly installed operating system may already be required repositories, but nobody forbids to use as a third-party data store.
Ubuntu repositories contain a huge number of different software, so often there is nothing difficult to find in them you are interested in the utility.Of course, you can simply download from the Internet any .deb package file, or even to try on their own to collect the program from source, but you should be aware that this option is more time-consuming and not always in the end turns out to be effective.
How to search for and install the various programs?
Initially, using the repository Ubuntu, you should assume that there is some problem to be solved by the utility, but you may not even know if there is any, and how it is called.However, it is likely that you know the program-counterparts that are used in other operating systems.
using any Internet search engine, you will find you are interested in options for the desired application, for example, by typing the name of a similar tool in Windows, but appending to the query "for Ubuntu».In the overwhelming majority of cases the search engine will give you a few names of programs, it is worth noting the fact that they can be represented in large enough quantities, but to choose the most you can for optimal guest users who already use it.Almost every modern tool has its own page on the Internet, which will be available with additional features or view the screenshots.
Where can I download the program?
Once you have identified with the name of the program, will need to run Application Center Ubuntu, and then find it in the available list.Most likely, you will be able to find and install it in a fairly short period of time.In addition, it is likely that the developers present their own repositories for iOS 7 or other operating systems.In the overwhelming majority of cases in these repositories are the most recent version of the program you are interested in, so if you are interested in the maximum efficiency, it is necessary to carefully examine the site and use the search.
Only if you can not find the program you want by using the repository for iOS 7 or other operating systems, you should try other installation options.Often it happens that the versions of software that are in repositories are older versions, but in fact there are often situations where they are better integrated into Ubuntu, and in certain situations also differ more stable work.
Section
In Ubuntu repositories best divided into four sections, called components and are designed to reflect the page in the license, and the level of support available to the user.Packages are divided by component as follows:
- Main - completely free software that is supported by Canonical.
- Restricter - proprietary software, which includes mainly various device drivers.All utilities are supported by Canonical.
- Universe - also free software which is not officially supported by Canonical, but it is controlled by the user community of the operating system.
- Multiverse - proprietary software that does not have the support of Canonical.
types of repositories
Also, there are 5 main repositories:
- Release - packages that have been released at the time of release.
- Release-security - the packages in which there are some critical security updates.
- Release-updates - packages containing a system upgrade, including also various more modern version of the software that have been released after the official release.
- Release-backports - backporting all kinds belonging to the new versions of certain software, which is available only in unstable versions of Ubuntu.
- Partner - repository, which contains different software companies that are partners of Canonical.
worth noting that, in addition to the official, there are other repositories for iOS 8 and other operating systems.They can be created by the authors of those or other tools, as well as people who just decided from source to collect a complete package, and then release it publicly available to other users.Adding
through Launchpad
If you do not know how to add a repository, this will help you Launchpad, which offers the possibility of creating PPA repositories.These facilities are relatively small packages, in which the owner puts different sources, and users to the output provides a full deb-document.
How do I connect?
If a person does not find it interesting utility, it can be to figure out how to add a repository, and then download it to the appropriate software.It often happens that in the Ubuntu repositories is simply no different utilities that may be needed to address those or other problems.It is for this reason that there are quite a number of third-party repositories, connecting where you can get access to the necessary software.This can be done using a graphical user interface, or through the console.
Immediately it is worth noting that in some repositories, in addition to those packages that you need, may be as various experimental assembly of different software, also including the kernel, which contain the Linux-repository.Since the version of these packages in the overwhelming majority of cases higher than those who use you, "Update Manager" may try to upgrade yourself.He will do this through a free repository that can cause damage to your system.It is for this reason that you need in any case, carefully read the description of the plug-in storage as well as the information that is in the "Update Manager".
Using GUI
In this case, the repository for iOS 8 and other operating systems are connected as follows:
- Opens Application Center Ubuntu.
- Then go to "Edit" / "Software Sources".
- In the new window select the tab "Other software", and then click on the "Add" button.
- In the new window fill the field "line ART:" push the button "Add Source".
- now added power and turned on, you can close the window.
Since you have connected the new source of the software, you will need to update the package information.In the overwhelming majority of cases after the connection window appears in which the user is prompted to update the data.In the window, simply click the "Update" button.
Once you will update all information about the packages box "Software Sources" will be closed, and, most likely, you will have an error that the source of the application is signed.However, you can install the tool you are interested in who you are in the connected repositories, using standard tools.To correct the error unsigned repository, you should deal in the protection system.
With console
This option is the best of all the existing methods.It is best to add a local repository or other repositories using the console.This is done simply because the repository is added only a single command, such as, for example: sudo apt-add-repository ppa: ripps818 / coreavc.
If necessary, you can just remove the console and repository.
protection system
Since the overwhelming majority of cases the repository located on the Internet, there is a possibility that attackers may replace the repository on your own, which contains a variety of modified packets.Thus, by installing on your computer modified the software, the user can put your system under real threat.However, in many repositories provide protection against spoofing.Such an option of protection is implemented by comparing the signatures of the client and the repository.In that case, if the storage has a digital signature, on the user's computer has a key which is open for the repository.
In Ubuntu standard trusted repository are located on the installation CD.If a user's computer connected multiple repositories, it is preferable to be a trusted repository.
How to add a key?
mount the store, which is protected by a digital signature, you will need to download a specialized public key, which must be added to the system.Quite often for downloading can be given a package available for installation, which will be fully self-prescribe key repository.If you download the key directly from the repository, then in that case you will be given a regular file with the extension .gpg, .key, or some other.Add the file system will be using the console command sudo apt-key add repo.key, but instead .key specifies the key repository, which was received by you.
Adding a key through the server
The best option is to add a key through a dedicated server, which is under protection.Quite often, when it comes to the key, given its alphanumeric identifier that the user at first glance can be absolutely incomprehensible, but it is a unique name.These keys are located on a dedicated server, where they can get anyone.
