And in his household, and industrial poultry breeding turkeys is gaining tremendous momentum.It profitable branch of agriculture, which provides benefits in several directions: the implementation of young, turkey meat, eggs and down.
General characteristics of turkeys
Turkeys are the largest domesticated bird.They are characterized by significant difference in weight of males and females.If males weigh on average 20 kg, the weight of adult females on average 10 kg, t. E. 2 times less.
These birds have bright feathers of different color - white, bluish green tint, rainbow glitter, silver-gray, bronze and blue-black.Powerful beak males are decorated with beautiful bright red excrescence, Earring.It is strong, muscular and fast birds.The turkey can run at a speed of 50 km / h and is able to fly up to a height of 2.5 m.
Breeding turkeys
Trot turkeys in the spring and winter, putting aside for 2.5-3 months, an average of 50 or more eggs.Chicks hatch 28 days.Because females make excellent hen, they will never abandon their nests.They are often used to goose or duck clutches.Turkey very carefully caring for her brood - warms chicks, care about their food and jealously guards against risks.
to Kvochka turkey was good, she has to sit their young.Adoptees are almost always peck to death.Experienced business executives advised seat next to the turkey poults in the late afternoon, after giving her a couple of days to sit on the eggs of hens to satisfy instinct.
And feeding turkeys
houses for turkeys should be spacious, dry and warm, without drafts and dampness.
to prevent bird deaths from the disease need time to vaccinate turkeys and strictly observe hygiene regulations of their contents.
Turkeys in picky eating.Even from ordinary feed very well gain weight.Good eating oats, corn, wheat, barley.Love green fodder: nettle, wild garlic, green onions, dandelion, other greens, which should be given in large quantities.In the summer, it is advisable to include them in the pastures.
large breed turkeys are grown with special compound feed with a balanced vitamin and mineral supplements.Intensive technologies allow to receive these giants weighing up to 30 kg!
for chicks is very helpful steamed buckwheat and milk products: cottage cheese, yogurt, milk, and the feed is added hard-boiled eggs.As minerals can be given river crushed seashells, eggshells, chalk, calcium gluconate.Be sure to add in the diet should be fish or meat and bone meal.
very important for growing turkeys is the correct watering.Water should be a lot, it should be clean and the room temperature.It is very important to protect the chicks from getting wet, because they are suffering from dampness.
Variety breeds
method of breeding conditions and diet is largely dependent on the breed of turkeys.Conventionally, they are divided into the following groups:
- easily.Species of this group of LBW.The weight of males - only 10-12 kg, female - up to 5 kg.However, they are very egg production, durable, impervious to disease.The most common representative - Tikhoretsky black turkey, norfolsky black, white Dutch, small beltsvilsky.
- average.Weight adult turkeys in this group - 15-16 kg, turkeys - 7 kg.Presented more productive breeds of meat type.This Moscow white, bronze Moscow, Moscow fawn, North Caucasian white, bronze and other North Caucasus.
- Heavy.It is large and very large breeds of turkey meat.Weight adults males is 25-30 kg, females reach a weight of 11 kg or more.The main species of turkeys, broiler: bronze broad-chested, broad-chested white, Canadian broiler broad-chested, big cross-6 and others.
specialized in household farms often grow so-called "local" breeds of turkeys, obtained by indiscriminate cross-breeding different species.They have good survivability, simplicity to the conditions of detention, resistant to various diseases.However, this low-yielding breeds.Their average weight not exceeding 10 kg.
Breed Canadian broiler chested
Canadian breed turkeys are highly productive broiler birds.For this kind was held lengthy breeding selection, the result of which they were withdrawn these giants.
Chicks picky eating habits, grow well from any feed.But for high-quality meat should be preferred high-calorie nutritious feed with vitamin and mineral supplements.With proper cultivation of turkeys rapidly gaining weight and 6 week already weigh 5 kg.They clean, do not rake the ground.They need plenty of water.Sippy cups should always be clean.Water is desirable to give not cold, at room temperature.
90 days after the carcass has been an excellent presentation, so in this age of turkeys slaughtered for meat.
Egg production from the females good start in the first nine months.Almost all eggs laid hatch chicks.
Features Canadian turkeys
- optimum weight bird gaining just 3 months after its growth is slowing sharply.Further feeding is unprofitable for two reasons:
- At high feed consumption low liveweight gain of birds.
- complexity of implementation is too large carcasses.
- believed that a Canadian - is the largest breed of turkeys.An adult male in intensive feeding may reach a record weight - 30 kg.
- Chicks of the breed turkeys are very sensitive to various diseases.Most often suffer from intestinal and infectious diseases.In addition, they do not tolerate very wet and have low adaptive capacity to adverse climatic conditions.This causes some difficulties in their content.Much attention should be paid to preventive measures for the prevention of diseases, as well as improvement of the house maintaining it constant at + 22-25 ° C.This was the main reason that the Canadian breed turkeys are not sufficiently known among business executives.
- Weight adult turkey is 25-30 kg, and the weight of an adult turkey is not more than 11-15 kg.This difference causes difficulties in mating, so the breeding of Canadian rock practiced artificial insemination.Consequently, the purchase of chicks of this species should only professional breeders.
Description White broad-breed
breed bred in the United States in the 60-twentieth of the last century.Birds of different feathers beautiful snow-white with a little black bow on the chest.Has the largest trunk oval, convex broad chest, neat head and long bright red earring-strong growth on its beak.
This beef breed is widely used in the modern poultry industry.Live weight of males is 25 kg or more, females - 11 kg.Therefore, bird deservedly claims to be "the largest breed of turkeys."They are less precocity than Canadians.It weighs 7 kg or more aged 18-20 weeks.Their advantage is an excellent adaptation to the content in cells.
This breed along with the meat has a good reproductive performance.The females begin to lay eggs in the 9-month old.Laying period of a few months.During this time, turkey lays about 100 eggs, 85-90 of which are fertilized.Female - a good mother hen.Of the 30 eggs displayed 20-25 chicks.They hatch weak, in need of a dry place content.
white broad-breed turkeys choosy in food.They are fed mainly high-calorie nutritious fodder with special supplements of vitamins, minerals and medicines.
breed turkeys Big 6
great interest are the birds breed turkeys such as Big 6. This is a super-heavy cross, reaching the mass of 30 kg.Commodity meat yield in excess of 80% of the live weight.Such index no one other pet.
bird Externally very similar to a white broad-breed turkeys.Plumage and white with a distinctive shine.The hybrid was obtained by a British company in 2007 by crossing the male-female rock heavyweights with an easy group.It is possible to obtain a stronger offspring with high meat productivity.
Youngsters, like other heavy rocks, hammered after 3-4 months of intensive feeding special food.
specifics of growing broiler turkeys
Many professional poultry is interested in heavy modes.In order to achieve maximum profitability and reduce losses in the cultivation of large meat breeds of turkeys should take into account the specificity of their overall:
- best to use a special feed with vitamin and mineral supplements.
- diet young to be rich protein food.
- mandatory vaccination, antibiotics in food supplements and other medications as recommended by a veterinarian, as these birds are susceptible to infections and gastrointestinal diseases.
- optimal period of detention prior to slaughter - 3-4 months.During this period, the weight of the carcass reaches 6-7 kg.Further reduces the profitability of fattening.
- for fattening for meat used males.
- Given the difficulty of pairing because of the substantial difference in the weight of turkeys and turkeys, chicks must be purchased only by professional breeders.
Nutritional value of turkey meat
turkey meat has an excellent flavor, it is soft and juicy.It is leader in the number of proteins, making it a valuable product for athletes.Also, the meat is rich in B vitamins turkey contains many trace elements, especially valuable in selenium - a powerful antioxidant.
Meat does not contain allergens, well absorbed, so is the basis for dietary and baby food.
