Why
as an intermediate unit of time between days and months is a seven-day week?Is it successful unit of measurement?
seven-day week as an intermediate unit of time between the day, month, originated in ancient Babylon.From there it went to the Jews and then to the Greeks and Romans;by the Romans, it is widely spread throughout Western Europe.The seven-day week and has gained recognition in many nations of the Arab East.The Babylonians attributed the number "seven" magic value, considering its "sacred."Such veneration was due to the number of known planets at the time (which also include the Sun and the Moon).
probably the origin of the seven-day week as a time unit is connected with another reason - with the change of lunar phases, repeated every 29.5 days.If we consider that at the time of the new moon the moon is not visible around 1.5 days, the duration of the visibility it will be 28 days or four weeks.And now change the appearance of the moon period we divide into four parts, which we call the first quarter, full moon, last quarter and new moon.Each quarter of the lunar month lasts about seven days.
days of the week.Names of days of the week are astrological origin.Even in ancient Babylon day divided into 24 hours and each hour it was under the auspices of kakoynibud planet.For the first hour of Saturday was devoted to the most distant planet - Saturn, the second hour - Jupiter, the third - Mars, the fourth - the sun, the fifth - Venus, the sixth - and seventh Mercury - Moon.According to astrological rules of days obtained their names, depending on which planet he devoted the first hour.Therefore Saturday and called the day of Saturn.
remaining hours of Saturday were also distributed among the planets.For example, the 8 th, 15 th and 22 th hours once devoted to Saturn, the 23rd hour belonged to Jupiter, the 24th - Mars.The first hour of the next day - Sunday falls on the share of the sun.Therefore, it was termed day sun.
Continuing further, such a calculation, we find that the first hour of the third day got under the patronage of magnifiers, the fourth - Mars, the fifth - Mercury, the sixth - and seventh Jupiter - Venus.
nations of Western Europe have adopted different customs from the Romans, as well as many of the words and expressions.Therefore, in the languages of the European peoples - Italians fraptsuzov, Spaniards, Germans, English, Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, Dutch - have survived many days of the week, borrowed from the ancient Romans.For example, in French only Sunday (dimanche) is not related to "planetary" name and comes from the Latin dies domenica, meaning "day of the Lord."
in Italian and Spanish from the five days of the week were the names of the planets.In English, the names of the planets directly correspond to these days, as the Sabbath (Saturday - the day of Saturn), Sunday (Sunday - the day of the Sun) and Monday (Monday - the day of the Moon);other days also bear the names of the planets, but they are named after the gods of Norse mythology Tiu, Wotan, Thor and Freya, appropriate for her role Roman Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus.
In German this day Sonntag (Day of the Sun) - Sunday and Montag (Day of the Moon) - Monday, and Friday (Freitag) reminds us of the already mentioned goddess Freya.
In the Russian language, as well as in other Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Polish), days of the week are associated with their serial numbers, and some religious practices.Our days of the week came in Ancient Rus from Bulgaria - South Slavic country, the culture which was at that time at the highest level.
Religious people believe that the seven-day week has been established by God himself, who worked six days and on the seventh "He rested from his own works."Therefore, the Bible was strictly forbidden to violate the sanctity of the Sabbath - a day of God.This day was the weekly holiday of the Christians and Jews.In II.n.e.Roman emperor Hadrian forbade Christians to celebrate the Sabbath.Then the day of rest was rescheduled for the next day of the week - the day of the sun.In 321 the Roman emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, legitimized this day as the weekly public holiday.
In Russia, long known as a weekly feast of Weeks or "weeks" - the day when the "do not" do not operate.Monday means that it follows the "pedal action" (ie. E. On Sunday), Tuesday - the second day of the "week" environment - an average day, Thursday and Friday - the fourth and fifth;Saturday is derived from the Hebrew word "Sabbath" (Sabbath), which means rest, rest.
After the adoption of Christianity Sunday called only one day of the year - the day of the celebration of Easter.In terms of days of the week the word "Sunday" began to be used only in the XVI century.in memory of the resurrection of Christ, the Word of the "week" kept for the entire seven-day period instead of the word "Week".
Muslim nations, taking a seven-day week, held the seventh, t. E. A day off on Friday, as if the day of the Prophet Muhammad was born.
astrological explanation of weekday names.
history nedeliSemidnevnaya days a week played an important role in astrology.The location of the seven planets relative to the Earth for many centuries astronomers have seen a secret that express a special drawing.They drew a circle divided it into seven equal parts and put a sign at the intersection points of the planets (including the Sun and the Moon) in the order of their times synodical appeals or implied distances from Zemi.Then, from each point of two straight lines carried to the opposite ends of the arc.Thus, of the seven intersecting lines is inscribed seven-pointed star.This drawing astrologers interpreted as follows: if from the top of one corner to go to the top of the other on their common side, from the top of the second - to the top of the third well on the general side, and so on. E., We get the order passed by days of the week.So, if you start from the moon and go to Mars, the Mars from the need to go to Mercury, from Mercury - Jupiter, Jupiter - Venus, Venus - Saturn, from Saturn - the Sun;here again we return to the moon.Thus, the series will be displayed all week - from Monday to Sunday.
Whether the seven-day week?The history of the calendar systems shows that the "week" is a failed unit of time, since it is not consistent with either the duration of the month or the duration of the year.In the lunar calendar, it still had some value as about a quarter of the lunar months, but solar calendar has lost all meaning.One of the first solar calendars, originated in ancient Egypt, did not know the seven-day week.There was it in the national calendar of the French Revolution.
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Articles Source: prclub.ru
