most modern large-capacity ships of the Russian Navy in 2018 to become the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov".Upgrading its inception in 2014 and is scheduled to last four years.Then comes the turn of another ship - "Peter the Great", the flagship of the Federation Council, built on the same project "Orlan» № 11442. These giants may be on duty away from their native shores, providing a military presence in any part of the world's oceans.Create a combat naval units under the Soviet military doctrine of the first half of the 80s of the last century, they have cost the state budget of the Soviet Union in a round sum (there was launched four), and now this heritage need to properly dispose of.It should also assess the extent of the need for these types of ships and their possible effectiveness in the event of armed conflict.
General Purpose
From a macroeconomic point of view, all costs should be held in accordance with the particular expediency.The State has no possibility to defend their interests on a global scale, it is doomed to stagnation peripheral.Despite the abundance of international agreements, the presence of international supranational structures that control the observance of the established rules, in many cases, a militarily strong countries use air force, navy and ground forces, breaking all the written and unwritten laws to ensure its regional dominance.There are UN Security Council resolution - good, but if it is not received, the "big stick" is always ready.To counter threats of this kind, and there exist huge nuclear submarines as "Admiral Nakhimov".Cruiser is designed to provide a powerful cover the whole squadron, performing tasks at a great distance.In military terms, this is called "stabilizing."In essence, this is the core of the ship naval compound, devoid of opportunity to receive support for their friendly and shore bases because of the large deletion and threatened hostile military actions.The nuclear-powered missile cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" is supposed to be able to reveal a kind of "umbrella", consisting of antiaircraft, anti-missile, anti-submarine and other systems to fight off the attack, and if necessary - to retaliate crushing blow.
ship architecture and technology "Stealth»
In the early eighties the Soviet military-industrial complex was the development of the industry includes thousands of enterprises and research institutions.The success of domestic developers of defense systems to provide generous financing.When creating new models take into account the latest developments in the field Arms MIC countries - potential enemies.An example is the ship "Admiral Nakhimov".The cruiser was built on the principle of low visibility to radar of his body.The outlines of add-ons in the form of pyramids consisting of inclined planes, surface part is "littered" side, virtually no right angles.For special paint applied technologically flawless substance wearing nothing telling name of "varnish" and does not differ from the normal spherical coverage of warships, but having a great unique property to absorb high-frequency radiation, minimizing their reflection.Experts argue about how effective efforts to give small radar signature object length of 250 meters, but the scientific developments in this field have a value in themselves, in view of their future use.Indeed, such a large ship can not only see on the radar screen, but from the satellite, not to mention the spy plane.The technology "Stealth" is set for possible misrepresentation blocks targeting anti-ship missiles."Stain" on the screen backlight will be smaller, besides cruiser can project decoys by electronic means ABM.
Modernization capabilities
Over the past nearly three decades of virtually all hardware and weapons systems ship obsolete, and now only a huge building, equipped with powerful nuclear power plant, is valuable to the fleet.However, the cost of this "platform" is such that it should not be neglected.An example of respect for the expensive material can serve as part of the US Navy.All large-US ships originally constructed considering a possible modernization kabelkanaly supply and installation dimensions are carried out so that the replacement of any hardware - in the case of more modern - not a problem.Repair cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov", which formally began in 1998, was delayed because of the fact that there was a need for a huge number of design changes required for an effective modernization.Tarka "Kalinin" (under this name the ship was built in 1983 and served until 1993) could not satisfy the conditions of the sea battle of the third millennium.The project was commissioned by restructuring the Northern Design Bureau (St. Petersburg), in its elaboration it stood 21 months.The estimate documentation amounted to almost 2.8 billion rubles.It is assumed that the entire modernization of the ship will cost tens of billions.Immediately there were critics who say that kind of money, you can build several new units of class "frigate" and "Corvette", having a total of more combat capabilities.Opinion is, of course, has a right to exist, but the light class ships are not designed to perform the tasks for which built "Admiral Nakhimov".Cruiser has a larger operating range, is much longer destroyer or BOD, because the overall modernization of its economically justified.
About the name
Mariners - people not only brave, but also fairly superstitious.They seek any pretext to avoid leaving port on the thirteenth, believe in different signs and do not like unhappy titles.Unfortunately, the cause for concern in this case is.
armored cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" was put on the bottom of his crew to prevent its capture by the Japanese in 1905 during the Battle of Tsushima.Sailors fought heroically sank several enemy destroyers severely damaged cruiser "Iwate" and in no way disgraced Russian Navy Glory."Varyag", who was killed in similar circumstances, its terrible name conveyed a modern ship.
Less well known is the fate of the other "Nakhimov" - trading company ROPIT ship that sank near the Turkish coast in 1897, when a violent storm.
In 1941, during the heroic defense of Sevastopol, the Luftwaffe was sunk ship "Red Ukraine", previously (before the Civil War) who bore the name of "Admiral Nakhimov".The cruiser sank, having a plurality of holes.
In 1960 he was removed from the BSF another ship, bearing the name of the famous naval commander.History has turned the mysterious: missile cruiser was only fifteen years, and there is speculation that it was used to study the effects on the body underwater wave arising from a nuclear explosion.
In 1973, sank another "Admiral Nakhimov".The collapse of the research vessel happened, ironically, in the place where the great Russian naval commander made one of his most brilliant victories - in Tsemess bay.The ship suddenly icy and left on the bottom next to the pier.
Because of severe injuries received in the collision with the submarine was decommissioned large antisubmarine ship "Admiral Nakhimov".Cruiser (Tsushima) research vessel (freezing bay), another cruiser (Sevastopol), the trading ship (the northern coast of Turkey), Kazakhstan (50 kilometers from the southern coast of Crimea), - to this martyrology impossible not to add one of the worst maritime tragedies forthe whole history of navigation.It was attended by cargo ship "Peter Vasev" and the ship at the time of launching bearing the name "Berlin".In 1986, two large ship could not to miss in Novorossiysk Tsemess bay.After the victory trophy "Berlin" was named "Admiral Nakhimov".The disaster claimed the lives of hundreds of passengers and crew.
How can you not believe in bad luck, haunting unfortunate name?
And yet, why "Nakhimov"?
The above does not constitute a tragic episodes secrets for managers who are responsible for the choice of the name of the ship.And if the decision, despite such sad statistics, is still accepted, for this is a good reason.In addition, a more detailed and impartial analysis, we can conclude that the warships which carried the name of the famous naval commander, most of them are worthy of a good memory, and their fate is proud of his native country and its brave sons.Armored cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" repeated along with his crew feat proud "Varyag", in the 41st another ship fought the enemy to the last shell.
Death can not be called accidental or ridiculous, it was heroic.
As for the two other cases, the output from the Navy took place without loss of life, due to force majeure or by a command.
Admiral Pavel Nakhimov went all the way Russian officer, started his career as a cadet naval school and taking heroic death from enemy bullets on the bastion of Sevastopol with the admiral epaulettes on the shoulders.At the age of fifteen, he was a long voyage to the coast of Denmark and Sweden, receiving the rank of warrant officer, was appointed in the 2nd naval depot Petersburg port (1818).In 1822 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of IV degree of participation in the circumnavigation.He commanded a battery of the deck on the cruiser "Azov" during the Battle of Navarino and the legendary frigate "Pallada", formed part of a squadron FFBellinsgauzena.The Black Sea Fleet has served since 1834, commanded the battleship "Silistra".He took part in operations in the Caucasus, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir III degree.In October 1852 he was promoted to Vice Admiral.
Heroic Sevastopol saga deserves separate words.High quality naval commander appeared in her most vividly.The memory of such a man deserves to have his name wore the most powerful and modern missile cruiser.Admiral Nakhimov - Russian national hero.
start upgrading
After final approval and acceptance of the technical documentation it was the turn of real action.To start should release the ship from the entire consignment of equipment pending write-off and disposal.This work, though time-consuming, but rewarding.A significant part of the cost of works on modernization will be offset by a large mass of extracting the precious metal.Nuclear-powered cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" has become a source of secondary resources total weight of 878 tonnes, of which 644 - ferrous (iron), aluminum and copper alloys (168 m), as well as alloyed stainless steel with a high carbon content (66 tons).In addition, recycling and precious metals be contained in the electric and electronic equipment.In the process of disassembling and sorting spent a total of 20 mln., Which is much less than the cost of the resources.
addition to utilitarian values, the process of dismantling of all unnecessary equipment and pursued another goal: maximum relief facility to reduce its rainfall.Such a large flotation device is not so easy to have to be dried in the dock (caisson gate) - this requires pontoons, attached to the body (there are six).Two of them were ready, they gathered for the repair of aircraft carrier "Vikramaditya", previously acquired by India.Useful, and the resulting run-time experience of this order.Production of pontoons, their testing and securing required and the time and material costs.Currently, nuclear cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" is in the dock, his body is relieved of all superfluous, nuclear fuel removed from the reactor.Modernization began.
objectives of modernization
The main objective is to make expensive works combat units of the Northern Fleet coveted combat effectiveness.This requires not only a complete replacement of obsolete for the period since 1980, the equipment and weapons systems, but also to ensure the possibility of further modernization in accordance with the requirements of the coming decades.Electronic engineering, missiles and control systems will be outdated pretty quickly, and should not repeat the mistakes of the designers who built in the eighties of the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov".Modernization, inevitable in a few years, it should go less painful and much cheaper to manage.
of the most challenging tasks assigned to the shipbuilders of Sevmash, in the first place there is the replacement of the inclined silo launchers intended for 3M45 missiles, universal set UKSK 3S14 vertical launch.Perhaps the inclination of the scheme is still not give up (many project details are kept secret), but the launch will no longer be made from the flooded position (this was dictated by the need to "Tarpaulin" origin obsolete 3M45).Total shafts was 20, and the same number of left, but each of them will be located modular system with four missiles.Total number of anti-missiles will increase four-fold and reach number 80.
What they will be is anyone's guess, most likely, "Onyx" or "Turquoise".Reputation cruiser as the "aircraft carrier killer" suggests the possibility of equipping spetszaryadami strike weapons (nuclear).Such a large number of missiles in the arsenal of "Nakhimov" dictated "gregarious" manner of their application.Flip group attack RCC is almost impossible.
addition to the main battery, Tarka is expected to be armed with a subsonic means 3M14 intended for terrestrial coastal targets.Anti-submarine crew will conduct complexes "Pack-NK" (it is possible that a part of the arms will leave well-established and outdated "waterfall-NK").Reactive mortars RBU-6000 to replace the "Boas-1", capable of carrying out protection against torpedo attacks.
Air defense
It would be naive to believe that the Bureau "Sevmash" do not care about how to defend against a possible attack aircraft and missiles as a major maritime target as "Admiral Nakhimov".Cruiser, despite all the means applied to ensure its secrecy remains very prominent object in the case of a military conflict will inevitably become a target for enemy anti-systems.Previously, the problem of reflection of air attacks decided SAM "Fort" C-300F is very good, but need to be changed in view of the high cost of the project and its long-term value.It was assumed that the on-board air defense will update the setting below deck PU close the scheme and characteristics of terrestrial systems S-500.They are porous types, not revolving, as before, and, due to its greater compactness, they will be more (in the arsenal of antiaircraft missiles to several hundred).One type, of course, is not limited.In addition to the C-500 to control the sky over the ship-leader and his "entourage" used rocket-artillery complex "Carapace-M."However, the details of naval leadership, understandably, were not disclosed.
General characteristics of the ship and its prospects
leaked to the press information that will undergo modernization of certain power plant, including a nuclear reactor, but, apparently, the design changes will not have a revolutionary character.To improve good - only to spoil, so consider military experts."Admiral Nakhimov" - a cruiser, and so the performance characteristics which are considered unique, in its driving performance is unmatched.At full displacement of over 26 tons and a length of 251 meters, it has a power plant, the power of which (over 100 MW) would be enough to supply a population of a quarter of the city of one million inhabitants.In addition to the nuclear reactor vessel has two reserve boilers.His move (as the sailors called speed) - 32 knots.Cruising range unlimited, full autonomy is two months.The crew consists of 630 sailors and officials of junior officers and hundreds of officers.
When the ship will return to the operation of the Northern Fleet?The plan is to happen in 2018.Perhaps there will be some unexpected difficulties, which will extend the number of upgrades.But it will inevitably come in the oceans - updated cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov".
