numerous and diverse kingdom of fungi.According to various experts, the number of species of these organisms has from 100 thousand to half a million.And that's not all the discoveries of science!It is, incidentally, is known as mycology, and is one of the sections of botany, because for a long time, scientists have absented fungi to plants.But it was not quite true.Mushrooms have properties and characteristics that are typical for both plants and animals, that can combine them with those and others.That is why botanists and separate them in the realm of nature.
Classification
As the most important classification of fungi are divided into higher and lower.For higher fungi are multicellular and some single-celled organisms (such as yeast, which are to conclude microbiologists secondarily unicellular).But today we are not talking about them.Class of lower fungi (or rather several of them: for the different classifications - from three to six) includes all classes of fungi, except Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.And has many representatives are very different from each other in appearance and function.
Representatives lower fungi
What is their main feature around which they can be combined in some respects?They are characterized by a vegetative body - mycelium having no partitions celled structure.Sometimes all these fungi do not form hyphae and instead there Plasmodium: the cytoplasm with many nuclei.They have less than perfect sexual reproduction (as opposed to the higher, and can reproduce asexually).According to some classifications to lower fungi include Chytridiomycota, oomycetes, Zygomycetes.There are other units.
«Cursed Tribe»
To lower fungi and are useful, but many of them are harmful.Fungi - the cause of many diseases and human and animal.They affect the skin, hair, eyes and respiratory system.Some provoke food poisoning and even death.About 200 species of fungi affect books and other paper products.Some feed on grasses, causing extensive damage to agriculture and human health.To lower fungi are those that hit the wooden houses and wooden rail sleepers, and those that cause metal corrosion.No wonder the French botanist Veyan called these representatives "cursed tribe."He even believed that the lower fungi serve to specifically disrupt the rest of the existing harmony of nature.
white mold (or Mucor)
This brilliant representative of lower fungi can often appear on bread, flour, rolls and vegetables.There we sometimes see in a fluffy whitish plaque, which eventually turns black.The very mycelium - the mycelium of Mucor - is part of the yarn, whitish and colorless (hence the popular name of the lower fungi).Mycelium is one overgrown with a number of cell nuclei in the cytoplasm.The method of reproduction Mucor - spore.Some of the threads of mycelium expand on the tips, forming a black head (all while remaining only one cell).They are formed and disputes ripening and spilling.After that, they are dispersed by wind.Once in a favorable environment, spores white mold to form a new mycelium.Interestingly, Mucor harm to man, causing spoilage.And naturally he plays quite positive role: it helps to decompose the remains of dead organisms.
other pests "from the lower»
To lower fungi are some other harmful organisms.Phytophthora affects potatoes and tomatoes, causing blackening of leaves and tubers.Sinhitrium ons cancer potato tubers.Olpidy cabbage, popularly called "black leg", causing blackening and death of the plant roots.A pathogenic fungus, imported from America, plazmopara vitikola detrimental to the vineyards of Europe.
