Russian Grammar incredibly vast and at the same time is extremely difficult.However, if both should understand the topic of a problem for you, eventually everything will fall into place.
In this article we will talk about how to distinguish the accusative of the genitive, and several difficulties declension of nouns and pronouns.We will start with the basic concepts and rules.
value of cases in Russian
to communicate words in sentences all the separate parts of speech can take the necessary form: verbs are changed from time to time, date, parties and collateral, as nouns, numerals, adjectives, participles, and pronouns - for number and case.So they carry out their role of syntax in sentences, but for this it is necessary to persuade them correctly.
In Russian, there are only 6 cases, each of them has their own support issues and end.However, when choosing the latter strictly necessary to take into account the decline nouns.Plus all the words associated with this part of the speech, adjectives, participles and numerals also depend on it.So, to learn to change on cases all of these morphological units, you first need to study in detail this category.
Declination
to the constantly featured nouns as parts of speech are gender (female, male, middle), declination (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and indeclinable heteroclite).You should also distinguish between animate and inanimate nouns, common nouns and their own.And it is from the second category depends on the change on cases, but rather add the necessary end.
must know that the first decline nouns included both male and female gender ending with "s" and "th", for example, a rainbow, a fox, man.In the second - the masculine with zero ending (in-law, genius, yogurt), and all the words of the neuter (window mount, the bed) and the third - only the feminine words that end in "s" (mother, night, lynx).However, changes in the declension of nouns on cases has meaning only in the singular, as in the plural all the words of this part of the speech have the same end ("s / s, s / th"), for example, foxes, yogurt, mother,shore anchor.
role of cases
Each of the six cases in Russian language has its own meaning and purpose of the application of the text.So, with their help, the words do their syntactic role in forming a relationship with phrases.
also on cases can determine which parts of the sentence is given a noun: unless it is in the nominative case - it is subject, if the prepositional and answers the question "Where?", In the genitive ("how?") Or in the accusative("where?") - this circumstance, in other cases - a supplement.
As for adjectives and participles, they are, regardless of case, is to determine how and ordinal numbers.But quantitative - always with the value of the circumstances and the extent of measures and respond to the question "how much?".
not be changed on cases
indeclinable require special attention and heteroclite nouns.To the first of these are the words, mostly borrowed from foreign languages.For example, a casino, a popsicle, mufflers, pots, coffee and others. Their shape is the same, that is, they can not decline for case, as their end will be the same.In connection with this problem of how to distinguish accusative genitive or by a select ending when writing, this category does not apply to the words, but because they are easy to use in the text.
I. n .: a cup of that?- Delicious coffee
R. No .: n what?- Delicious coffee
D. p .: add to what?- To the delicious coffee
V. n .: want that?- Delicious coffee
T. n .: smells what?- Delicious coffee
P. etc .: to think about?- A delicious coffee
Change on cases outside the rules of declension
However, considerable difficulty is heteroclite, there are only 11 (10 in the path + "-mya": the seed, the udder, the burden, the crown, the stirrup, the tribe, time, name,flame banner).If you change them on cases they take the end of the different declensions.In addition, only a noun in the nominative and accusative of a number of words in the "-mya" does not require the addition of the suffix "ene" with the decline in the singular.In other cases it is necessary.
however, which is why the question of how to distinguish accusative of the genitive does not concern heteroclite nouns, since the shape of them.n. and identical.n. In the plural genitive suffixes added to them "-ёn" ("names of tribes") and "YANG" ("stirrups seeds").Simply remember it visually: the attached photo of "table of cases heteroclite nouns."
main difficulty
to learn to deal with the problem of how to distinguish accusative of the genitive, you must learn how to ask questions to the words and determine the morphological features of nouns.It helps to use a little trick by changing difficult words to those that clearly differ in the two word forms, ie. E. Any example of the 1st declension.
So, if you see the text animate noun in the plural, instead it should be mentally inanimate used in the same form.For example, "I see what? - The people" ("I see that? - The book" - as it is not subject, it would not. N., And then choose to. P.), "There is no one? - The people" ("No what? - books" - p. p.).
If the problem is an animate noun is masculine 2nd declination, the substitute instead "mother" and then ask him questions accusative and genitive with supporting words.For example, I see someone?- Donkey (see anyone? - My mother - in. N.), Who is not?- Donkey (who is not? - Moms - p. P.).A similar trick should be used to distinguish the accusative and genitive pronouns (personal and return), and declining possessive be focusing on related nouns.
