The modern world is a set of states, most of which - a multinational, so there is a question about a joint organization of people's lives that would suit all, or at least the majority.Many countries in the device powers and authorities allow a certain independence of territories within them.That's what autonomy in its simplest sense.
emergence of the concept and its importance
This is a word of Greek origin.Why it appeared there?It is enough to recall the history of ancient Greece.While she was a single state, and was woven of many city-states and alliances between them.To function effectively, these entities had to reckon with the trends of the center, many mainstream policies.Invaluable assistance could provide such a system of co-existence, which would allow to combine the interests of various size and influence of city-states.The Greeks introduced the concept of autonomy.The word consists of two components: "autos" ("self", "self") and "nomos" ("Law").Thus, even the smallest policies of ancient Greece came to possess a certain degree of autonomy in solving various issues, allowing a certain extent to maintain the political balance.That's what autonomy in the ancient Greek sense.
principle of autonomy in the formation of the state
Currently, this method is also used very widely, all depends on the traditions, the legislative framework and the way the organization of state power.However, in any country applying autonomy, such a device is primarily a kind of independent parts of a single state.The degree of sovereignty in each case is determined individually and is based on the country's constitution.
Formation and the level of autonomous units often dictated by the ethnic composition of the country.Using this method, the state guarantees the necessary level of national and ethnic needs of the people.In addition, it is a way to observe the right of nations to self-determination without tragic consequences for the country's unity.According to this principle, a system of power and control in the Russian Federation.All subjects of the Russian Federation have autonomous rights.
Types autonomous
In political science, there are many interpretations of what autonomy.The definition can be opened as follows: it is self-government and independent parts of a single state.It is generally accepted division of the territorial and national-cultural autonomy.In our country, these two species are presented.The first is the creation of self-governing entities within defined boundaries within which is inhabited by any ethnic groups (Tatarstan, Yakutia, and so on. D.).All of them have actual symptoms of the state, and thus have their own territory, flag, emblem, anthem, the authorities, the official language or languages legislation.
national-cultural autonomy is an extraterritorial concept.This means that national groups are scattered in many regions of the country and to meet the needs of ethnic, they can be created anywhere in the state.At the heart of this concept is the National Union and the preservation of the language, traditions, and other attributes of folk culture.That's what a national cultural autonomy within the Russian Federation.
method of international cooperation
In modern times in the Russian Federation, there are about nine federal, around a hundred more than two hundred regional and local national-cultural autonomies.In the US and some European countries, this form is expressed in a slightly different form: there are national municipalities that are designed to address all the issues associated with the development of the ethnic group.However, in the US there is no territorial autonomy, all issues are resolved by local ethnic communities, which provides power to certain powers.New York is divided into numerous national quarters, which City Hall has granted the right to self-government.Thus, autonomy may exist even within a single city.Nevertheless, it allows to some extent neutralize nationalist sentiment among the population.
Features national polity in the light of recent events
recently became part of the Russian Crimea.So what is the Crimean autonomy?The uniqueness of the situation is that the peninsula originally was part of the Russian Federation on a self-governing unit, and in 1954 he was transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which, in turn, was part of the Soviet Union.The Constitution was recently built on the principles of federalism.Although formally, but there was a legal basis.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Crimea became part of a unified Ukraine, which was built on a unitary basis, however, the peninsula has retained its independence.Between Kiev and Sevastopol brewing serious contradictions, which reached its climax in 1996.
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine abolished the Constitution of Crimea, the Supreme Council was stripped of all powers, but the Kiev government was forced to reckon with the population of the peninsula.Therefore, in 1998, it adopted a new Basic Law of the Crimea, significantly narrows the autonomy of education, but autonomous status has been saved.In 2014, through a referendum Crimea was included into Russia, he received an autonomous administration in the face of the Supreme Council and its President, in addition, an independent unit was isolated city of Sevastopol, the city received the status of federal importance.That's what the autonomy of Crimea.
Legal manifestation term
notion of "autonomy" is used not only in the political and administrative plane, it is common in law.A closer look at what the party autonomy.Persons or organizations to enter into treaties automatically become subjects of international law.In general terms it means that the parties by mutual agreement may choose the law of the country with which they are going to regulate the resulting legal relationship between them.Basically this principle is applied in the field of international business law.The agreement must be expressed directly or follow the logic of the signed contract.If for any reason it is not, then the legal system of the country to which the contract has the closest relationship.
Summarizing
Variety application of this principle in real life can significantly reduce tensions in interethnic and interstate relations, and its application in the field of international law contributes to the revival of economic and, consequently, the political ties between the diverse interests of the entire mass of socialgroups and public entities.That's what the full autonomy of the contradictions of the modern world.
