secession - an attempt to classified ads or on the independence of the state.This right can be included in the Constitution, but in most cases it involves the use of force, which often lead to a civil war or a sharp conflict.As a rule, the proceedings are drawn into neighboring states.
essence of the right to secession
One and the most striking example is the separation of the secession of the republics of the former USSR.Also secession - a collapse of the British and other empires.Development of the federal system in the country to recognize the independence means that nation-states are divided on ethnic and territorial groups having unequal rights.In such a situation, as a rule, there is secession.This separation of Biafra and Nigeria, Bangladesh from Pakistan.
Secession implies secession or part thereof.It should be noted that at present no constitution in the world does not support this law, but in reality it happens.For example, the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the separation of Eritrea from Ethiopia and so on.Secession in Russia for individual subjects is not supported by the Constitution, while for individual republics enshrined the right to withdraw, but it contradicts the basic state documents.
National Self
Secession - a people's right to national self-determination.This way out of the multinational Soviet Union recognized the self-determination theory, whereby the right to secession of the republics of the USSR was one of the principles of the Constitution in accordance with Art.And Article 17 of the USSR.14 of the USSR.The ideologists of Russian Bolshevism with Lenin on the eve of the 1917 revolution in his program formulated the principle of self-determination, while the issue of the deciding set.The main reason for the inclusion in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union the right of secession was the voluntary nature of relations in the Soviet Union and the desire to make the Communist Party of Soviet Russia open to accession by other socialist countries.In the dialectic of secession - this is only a theory.
Brezhnev Doctrine
possibility of free exit featured in many policy documents of Soviet power: the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, the union agreement on 12.30.1922 year, the declaration of the formation of the USSR.Resolution of the Constitution argued that the right of secession have all the republics in the Soviet Union.The same ruling was repeated in the Constitution of 1936, but with the specification that the separation is only possible with the consent of all the Union republics.
doctrine of Stalin
The Constitution of 1936, Stalin made an own doctrine, which states that the right of secession - it is possible to separate only some of the Union republics, meet the following conditions: a large part of the population of that nationality, which creates a republic, a marginal positionand at least one million population.Stalin believed that the right to self-determination should be included in the constitution, but from the Soviet Union did not want to leave not a single republic.It is worth noting that the autonomous regions and republics have no right to secession.The procedure of the separation of the state to the Soviet constitutional law has not been determined.
Impermanence right of secession
right to secession - a rather controversial issue, and a possible annexation of the Crimea provoked discussion on separating the minority of the metropolis.It all started over a hundred years ago, when between US President Wilson and his Secretary of State Lansing dispute arose.After World War I, in 1919, Wilson said that nations have the right to self-determination, and ignoring this right is very risky for politicians.But, according to Lansing, self-determination is dangerous for peace and stability, and it is confirmed by the practice.
What happens now?President Obama believes that Crimea has no right to hold a referendum on secession from Ukraine, as it contradicts the Ukrainian Constitution.And he was immediately accused of double standards, recalling Montenegro, Kosovo and Southern Sudan.But these analogies apply to the Crimean case?Bassets believes that there is, because the US does not annexed Kosovo and the referendum in Scotland for separation from Britain was held not by the use of force, as the occupation of the Crimea Russia.Still, the doctrine of President Wilson is currently not popular.
Bassets says that he agrees with the fact that the United States - a country of Presidents Wilson and Washington, and the American colonies were forcibly separated from the UK, but it is also a country of President Lincoln, who used the weapons in order to prevent the secession of the slave statesSouth.Therefore, the US reaction to secession is not based on history, but on the fact that most of the world powers maintains pragmatism and stability.
