development of genetics over time has gone beyond purely scientific teachings and turned into industry practice.Many modern doctors use these genetic analyzes in order to put a correct diagnosis, to foresee possible diseases and address the factors contributing to their development.To do this, the patient only needs to pass genetic analysis that shows a complete picture of predisposition to disease.
few words on DNA
Dezoksirybonukleinovaya acid (DNA) - a complex set of nucleotides, which are formed in the chain - the genes.It is this intracellular formation carries the hereditary information from parents and transmitted to children.
At the time of formation of the embryo is very fast cell division.At this stage, small failures occur, which are called by gene mutations.It was they who define the personality of the person.Mutations can be either positive or negative.
Scientists partially able to decipher the human genetic code.They know what the presence of the genes causing the disease, and which contribute to the innate resistance to some diseases.Genetic analysis gives physicians a picture of how best to treat a patient, given his propensity.
monogenic diseases and polymorphism
Doctors recommend to make a genetic analysis of each individual.It is held once in a lifetime.According to the results compiled genetic passport.It identifies all possible diseases and predisposition to them.
For congenital diseases are monogenic mutations.They arise from single nucleotide changes in the gene to another.Often such changes are harmless, but may occasionally cause serious diseases.These included, for example, fenilketanuriya and muscular dystrophy.
polymorphism is associated with the replacement of nucleotides in the gene, but does not directly cause the disease, but acts only indicator of predisposition to such diseases.Polymorphism - a fairly common phenomenon.It manifests itself in more than 1% of individuals in a population.
presence of the polymorphism indicates that under certain conditions, and the impact of hazards may develop a disease.But this is not a diagnosis, but only one option.If you lead a healthy lifestyle, avoiding the harmful factors, it is likely that the disease will never appear.
Rognozirovanie congenital diseases
development of modern genetics not only to ascertain the presence of congenital diseases or predisposition to them, but also to predict the health of unborn children.To do this, parents in the planning stage of pregnancy is necessary to deliver the genetic analysis.This is especially important if one of the parents already have complex disease.
This also applies to diseases that are transmitted genetically.Among them is hemophilia, which affects almost all monarchic dynasties of Old Europe, where marriages were common to strengthen political ties.
genetic analysis also shows a predisposition of a child to cancer, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease.This is especially important if someone from the future parents in the family had such diagnoses.Susceptibility genes may be in the recessive (suppressed) condition, but it is likely that in the future they will be shown the child.
Tests during pregnancy
If at the time of planning the child's parents is recommended to get tested, then during pregnancy performed genetic testing of the fetus.To this end, for the analyzes taken amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood or placental portion.
Such studies are needed to determine the possibility of congenital diseases.This is a very unpredictable disease that occurs as a result of fetal mutations that can not be foreseen.Among these diseases belong to Down syndrome when the fetus for some reason, there is an extra chromosome.Average number of people - 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, one from the father and mother.Down's syndrome appears 47th unpaired chromosome.
also genetic mutations are possible after undergoing complex infectious diseases during pregnancy, syphilis, rubella.According to the results of this analysis may be decided on abortion because the unborn child would be completely unsustainable.
women at risk
course analysis on fetal diseases would be better to make every expectant mother, but there are a number of indications for this procedure.Primarily, it is age.After 30 years, always great risk of abnormalities in the fetus.It also increases if there have been cases of miscarriage.To the early stages aware of the danger, it is necessary to pass tests showing that everything is in order.
cases in pregnant women and infectious diseases, and injuries.They can also influence the course of the formation of the fetus.The sooner they occur, the greater the risk of dangerous mutations.
There is always a risk of abnormal development of the fetus, if the moment of conception or in the early stages after the mother fell under the influence of dangerous factors.They are ranked as alcohol, strong drugs, psychotropic substances, X-rays and other radiation.
And, of course, better to be safe, if a family already has one child with congenital abnormalities.
Paternity Test
Sometimes in life and situations where it is impossible to establish the paternity of the child.Or, for some reason there is no doubt that the father and the child, or the mother and the child's relatives.In this case, you can carry out genetic blood test to determine the relationships.The accuracy of this study, more than 90%.
Yes, and the procedure is simple.It is enough to donate blood parent and child.According to several indicators easy to determine whether common genes of these two people.
determination of paternity, as a rule, are used in forensic science to prove or disprove the need for maintenance purpose.
predictive medicine
Every year, doctors tend to not to treat illness, and to warn them before the first symptoms.As shown by genetic analysis, this is not so difficult.Because the genotype is already possible to suggest to what diseases a person is most.
This area became known as predictive (predictive) medicine.Based on the genetic passport, the doctor determines the life of his patient, warning him of the dangerous things that can be a trigger for the development of a disease.It's much easier and cheaper than going long, and sometimes not very effective therapy.
analyzes of HIV / AIDS
Today even tested for HIV / AIDS are made with the help of genetic research.The procedure is not complicated, but the length of time of the study.But the results of this analysis are more accurate and revealing.
Many modern diagnostic centers are doing genetic analysis, the price of which is available to everyone the average patient.It all depends on the purposes: the cost varies from 300 rubles to tens of thousands.Therefore, there is no reason to refuse to conduct such an informative study, especially if it can save the lives of you and your children.
