To foreign economic relations are a variety of international economic, political and trade relations, such as the exchange of goods, cooperation and specialization of production, providing technical and economic assistance, cooperation in science and technology, the establishment of joint ventures in different shapes.These relationships are made possible by the development of commodity production.
State regulation of foreign trade is an activity aimed at the regulation and development of economic relations with other countries.The main areas of activity are protectionism and liberalism.They are held not only in the wholesale trade, but is also carried out and state regulation of the retail trade.
Protectionism is the economic policy of the state, aimed at protecting the domestic market from the competition of foreign products or capture new foreign markets.Liberalism is the opposite of policies aimed at reducing barriers to the development of foreign economic relations and the creation of conditions for free trade.
State regulation of foreign trade in the form of protectionism and liberalism are almost never exist in pure form.As a rule, the state carries out economic policies, choosing such methods are needed to solve specific problems to be solved in the country for a certain stage of development.
State regulation of foreign trade in Russia a number of reasons, because it is aimed at solving problems of an economic, social and political plan across the state.Therefore, the state, in spite of all the benefits of free trade, should not allow the uncontrolled flow of goods and services.
State regulation of foreign trade is necessary for the control of employment;protection of new industries;prevent violations of the monetary circulation;monitoring the prices of goods international exchange;of defense, law and order in the country;protection of the environment, life and health;ensure the viability of the international organizations.
External Economic Relations supervise the supreme legislative body of the state: national assemblies, parliaments and congresses.They define the directions of foreign policy and legislate in the field of external economic relations, ratify treaties and international agreements.
State regulation of foreign trade conducted by governmental bodies: departments and ministries.It uses different economic and administrative methods.
to administrative measures include the publication of legislative acts (customs codes, company law, etc.).The economic methods include such methods of influence on the economy, which create the best conditions for the development of foreign economic relations and the balance of payments.These methods include direct financing of export-oriented production (subsidies from the budget), subsidies for research and development activities, indirect financing through banks, which the state allocates special grants to reduce lending rates to exporters;decrease in fees paid for the procurement of raw materials;tax cuts for exporters.
The Russian state monopoly on foreign economic relations enables them to develop under the influence than individual entities and the central government.Foreign economic activities in the Russian Federation based on the principle of unity of external economic policy as part of the foreign policy of the state, the unity of control over its execution, the priority of economic measures, equality of participants, the unity of the customs territory of the state to protect the rights and interests of all participants of foreign economic activity.
