Railway stations and junctions are complex technological objects.These elements constitute a single waypoint network.Later in the article a closer look at these concepts.
F / A station
These elements of the transport network are objects, equipped with special devices that provide reception and dispatch of trains, the execution of their passing and crossing.In addition, the train station allows you to issue and receive cargo and to serve passengers.Developed Track devices provide formation and disassembly of the train, perform their maintenance.Depending on how much space and the nature of the work performed, the railway station may be one of the five classes or be extracurricular.Belonging to a category determined in accordance with the evaluation of the work object in points.
Appointment
Railway Station - is the main production unit track network.These objects are made final and initial operations constituting the transportation process, as well as activities to ensure traffic compositions.About 75% of the time spent rolling turnover at the station.The work object is organized in accordance with the timetable of train assembly, plan their formation, effective use of technical equipment and technological process.The procedure for the use of funds is governed by a special administrative act.At its base is monitored safe and unhindered sending and receiving compositions prosledovaniya trains on the station, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of internal shunting.
activities of the facility
basic principles according to which operates a railway station are:
- continuous processing of cars and trains, reducing downtime while waiting for the operation.
- Reducing time spent on the execution of each phase of work.
- maximum parallelism in processing trains.
- interaction of various specialists involved in the implementation of station operations.
- Manager's Manual in the formation and analysis of compositions.
Classification ways
The station line in the borders of stations can be:
- main.
- receiving and departure.
- loading and unloading.
- Sorting.
- Depot (railcar and locomotive economy).
- exhaust.
- Junction.
latter leads to fuel bases, warehouses, container and water treatment items, sorting and repair platforms.There are also other ways, the purpose of which is determined depending on the operations performed there.Lines are designed to serve specific organizations and enterprises that are associated with common w / d continuous highway rail web.The activity of these pathways also applies to safety deadlocks.These, in turn, serve to prevent release of rolling stock on the routes of trains.Lines serve as catch points, which are designed to stop trains or parts of them, lost control while driving on downhill.Those paths that perform some function, combined in park admission, administration, sorting and other trains.The main lines are numbered using Roman, station - Arabic numerals.
railway junctions
These objects are complex.They are a network of railway stations, access, bypass and trunks, posts on the junction points.Their structure also includes a set of viaduct interchange routes between themselves and with the highways and city roads.As part of the object is present station (railway) station, depot and other elements.
Classification
Depending on the relative position approaches and railway stations nodes can belong to one or the other type.Characterization is carried out on the basis of special schemes.Thus, rail assembly can be a single station.In this case, it is constructed with a small number of converging pathways.Nodes may include a station arranged in parallel or sequentially.There are several types of complex objects.Railway nodes may include stations arranged crosswise.In this case, there is the intersection of the existing line at an angle.The node of this type is constructed with a slight amount of processing and does not require arrangement of a sorting station.There is a triangular object type.This unit is constructed in the case of large mail train flows between all the lines converging in it.For other types are radial, circular, dead-end, combined and semiring.
treatment compositions
work station is determined in accordance with the process.One of the main documents regulating the activities at the facility, is a special administrative act.In Russia, it is tailored to PTE Railways.Map object is an integral part of the act.Workflow allows you to set the most rational procedure and the duration of the execution of operations with cars and trains different categories.This provides the scientific organization of work and management, the formation of complex travel teams.Due to the complex of measures ensuring high standards of service passenger transport, send and receive goods, as well as the execution of planned tasks for the processing of cars.
workflow.The order of organization
workflow is prepared for the precinct, sorting, cargo and passenger travel stations.Competent organization activity contributes to the productivity, safety and transported cargo rolling stock themselves.It also provides safety during shunting operations and the movement of trains, as well as reducing the cost of processing the wagon.The technological process developed by the engineering staff of the station together with the staff wagon and locomotive depots, communication and alarm systems, distance path.In drawing together specialists area of energy supply, loading and unloading.Organization of the process is carried out in cooperation with members of the technology group, road design office.In drawing up the documents taken into account peculiarities and conditions of each individual station.
Technical and administrative act
Order that established this document is binding on the employees of all the services.Administrative act includes general information about the object, sending and receiving the compositions forming shunting, information about safety.The application is a necessary component in the document contains a map of railway stations, sheets, diagrams, instructions, and other data related to the organization of rational activity of all the services.In areas where the duty, shunting dispatchers, osmotrschiki cars, switches positions posted extracts from the administrative act.
