modern geopolitical situation is such that for the preservation of the sovereignty and authority of the country in international relations are essential samples of modern weapons.This is especially true when it comes to tactical nuclear complex, which is the last guarantee of peace on the planet.Of course, the main role in deterring a potential adversary belongs strategic missiles, but even missile system "Iskander" many ways to keep from rash decisions.
This sample was created for weapons destruction in field conditions stealth targets in the enemy's defenses.This is all the more important that the current strategy of warfare presupposes a preventive disarming strike, which will not allow to use his probable opponent of nuclear weapons.In addition, since it is possible to suppress a timely defense system.
Terms of creating
was created in an environment where the Soviet Union and the United States signed an agreement on the limitation of the number of tactical nuclear warheads (INF).This happened in 1987.At the same potential adversaries agreed to a complete rejection of the use of nuclear weapons in combat future.
It is because of this a new complex brought against a huge number of requirements: it took a complete rejection of nuclear submunitions, it was necessary to provide almost jeweler accuracy, conjugate with the best possible handling of the rocket.In addition, experts from required to provide the greatest possible degree of automation as the missile and its launch.
Not least because of this missile system "Iskander" in Kaliningrad has produced real "sensation" in the ranks of the Baltic politicians who are in a panic began harping about a new threat hanging over their sovereignty.
role of satellite navigation systems
The main requirement, which corresponds to the realities of our time, was the possibility of using data obtained from the satellite positioning system ("Glonass», NAVSTAR).From a new set of skills required to hit the high efficiency even moving armored targets, have the highest possible rate of fire, as well as in depth to overcome the enemy missile.
first experience
Ready missile complex "Iskander" was first tested in 2007.The then Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov reported to President that the deviation from the target did not exceed one meter.These highest rates were fully confirmed after examining the data from all of visual controls that were involved in the trial that day.
All this splendor was created in MSC, Kolomna.This design office is known around the world as it is from here began their "career" complexes "Point", "Strela" and "Wasp", as well as other examples of domestic SAM different generations.Other elements were made in CDB "Titan" (launcher), the Central Research Institute of Automatics and Hydraulics (important automatic guided projectile).
What is the purpose?
As we have already said, the missile complex "Iskander" was created specifically for precision strikes on targets hidden deep behind enemy lines, protected by modern missile defense systems.
The goals may act as the following objects:
- artillery and missiles of the enemy, large clusters of armored vehicles.
- means ABM.
- Air connection at home on the ground.
- All team and coherent complex.
- major infrastructure, the loss of which painfully affect the enemy.
- Other important targets in enemy territory.
Since anti-aircraft missile complex "Iskander" is different stealth and very fast to prepare it to run, it is a very serious threat to all potential opponents.
As part of the "Iskander"?
The complex includes the following key elements: self-propelled gun to launch rockets for her car to transport and charging shells.In addition, there is a separate system for repair and maintenance of all equipment, staff point and a special machine to analyze the information received, as well as teaching aids for staff.
specifications used rocket
before us tactical missile complex "Iskander" uses solid-fuel missile with a single step, in which the head portion is not separated in flight.Despite vigorous maneuvers in flight, the projectile throughout their path can be controlled by the operator from the command post.Special maneuverability product differs at the start and at the approach to the target, when the rocket is under congestion in 30G.Since the missile defense system should fly up to it at a rate twice as high as at present effective countermeasures "Iskander" simply does not.
housing shells made by a special technique, which reduces its visibility to enemy SAMs.In addition, most of the way does a rocket, while at an altitude of 50 km, which is also ten times reduces the chances of its timely interception.Stealth radar provided a special coating composition is classified.
This explains the triumph of the domestic industry, as has been adopted "Iskander".The missile system (Kaliningrad and the entire Western military district they are already equipped with) this type soon to be received by all military units in the country.
Principles targeting
missiles at the target output is performed by the operator of the complex, after which comes in a complex system of homing.The equipment scans the terrain in flight, forming her digital model.She's on board computer continuously compared with the reference image that has been loaded into memory before the flight the rocket.
optical seeker has excellent protection against jamming systems, as well as a great ability to recognize the goals in virtually any environment.This allows you to hit a moving target (with an error of no more than a couple of meters) in a completely moonless night.This accuracy in such conditions can not be implemented in any of the systems of rocket fire, standing on the arms of NATO.
Behind it there and do not like, "Iskander".Missile system in Syria, put there in December last year, as soon as possible to reduce the intensity of emotions and helped the legitimate government with the displacement of the anti-popular forces from the territory of the country.In addition, the Russian side has received valuable information about the combat use of advanced missiles.
«Self» rocket
Although normally missile complex "Iskander" can be guided by signals from satellite global positioning systems, under appropriate conditions, its operators will do very well without them.The electro-optical guidance systems are so precise that they allow to ensure the defeat of the purposes specified in virtually any environment.
way, homing system "Iskander" if necessary, easy to install even for ballistic nuclear missiles, making the prospects of a potential enemy really quite gloomy.Because of this the Russian missile complex "Iskander" in the West has a very sinister reputation, although its performance is clearly not up to those of intercontinental nuclear ammunition.
Feature warhead
designers the ability to use just laid ten different types of ammunition.These include cluster bombs with elements of contactless blasting combat elements with a cumulative effect, cluster ammunition with self-elements, as well as simple explosive, fragmentation and incendiary species.If you use a self-guided missile with the elements, they will be hitting multiple targets, ripping at a height of six to ten meters above them.
Himself shell in firing position weighs nearly four tons, and the weight of the warhead itself is 480 kg.Thus, the missile complex "Iskander-K" is one of the most powerful non-nuclear deterrence, which are in service of our army.
features other elements
propelled installation for launch at the same time allows you to carry up to two missiles, enabling them to run at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the terrain.It is located on a wheeled chassis with a 8x8 that can pass even through the places where the roads are completely absent (MAZ-79306 "astrologer").Among other things, it provides the best possible mobility of the complex, even in wartime.
Some characteristics of controls and guidance
Installation can independently determine the coordinates of its location, it is communicating with all the elements of "Iskander", and provides a single salvo missile launching.Time of arrival to the volley of not more than 20 minutes, provided the prepared calculation and passes between starts of shells of not more than one minute.This makes the missile complex "Iskander", the characteristics of which are already impressive, very dangerous means of attack.
starting positions does not need to prepare.In addition, the calculation is not necessary to go out of the cockpit: receiving orders, experts stop "Iskander" in a given square, prepare all systems and make a volley.The only exception is the moorland, where it is necessary to prepare a more or less stable launch pad.After the product launch vehicle leaves a pre-designated position for recharging.
Thus, "Iskander-M" - the new generation missile system that provides reliable protection of state sovereignty.
information about the chassis and other machines
weight of the chassis is 42 tonnes, the weight of the payload transported at least 19 tons, highway and country road with a hard surface speed is 70 (40) km / h.In only one gas station, "Iskander" can travel at least 1,000 km.Conventional numerical calculation of three people, but in wartime, their number may be increased.
machine for transporting and loading also assembled on the MAZ-79306 ("Astrology").Equipped with a crane with hydromechanical loading mechanism.The weight is exactly 40 tonnes, will have to serve in the number of staff of two people.
Staff complex
heart of the complex is the command post vehicle.It is made on the basis of KAMAZ vehicles.Information exchange between all elements of the "Iskander" can be carried out in normal mode, and deeply encrypted.The speed of information exchange in the latter case does not suffer.
Staff complex is equipped with four fully automatic places for the operators, the maximum transmission distance between the cars is 350 kilometers for cars in the parking lot and 50 kilometers in a battle march.Continuous operation of all elements of guidance and control system is about two days.
machine mechanical maintenance
As in the previous case, based on the chassis of cars "KamAZ".It is intended to check the status of the missiles in the launcher, as well as in transport containers, allows you to check and repair all tools and mechanisms of the complex, without the need for its transportation to the place of its permanent deployment.The machine weighs 13.5 t, deployed in less than 20 minutes, while checking all systems and does not exceed 18 minutes.Serve complex two people.
general, the missile complex "Iskander" TTX which we reveal, is a remarkable maintainability even in the most extreme conditions.
item collection, analysis and preparation of information
This machine is used to collect and analyze information that is intended for introduction into the on-board computer missiles.The composition has two workstations for operators that can detect and transmit the coordinates attacked targets in one or two minutes.It can carry a continuous combat duty for 16 hours.
Finally, life-support machine.It can be performed on all commercially available chassis truck, used for rest and meals up to eight people at a time.
Key features of the complex
Its main advantage is how and by whom was created "Iskander-M".The missile system designed by outstanding designers on the basis of all the data accumulated Soviet and Russian army.At the moment it is not only far exceeds all previous domestic developments, but also all the competing foreign models.
In general, anti-aircraft missile complex "Iskander" has a number of key features:
- Incredibly accurate defeat of even small and well protected from the air targets.
- Subtlety and quick deployment make it extremely dangerous opponent.
- combat the problem can be effectively carried out even in the face of strong enemy resistance.
- excellent tactical agility and continuity, ensuring a high performance vehicle chassis.
- highest degree of automation of all martial process.
- Long service life and ease of repair, even field.
In addition, operational-tactical missile complex "Iskander" meets all the requirements imposed by international treaties on non-proliferation of certain types of weapons.The local conflicts can be viewed as a weapon of deterrence, and for countries with a small area and does have the basic type of missiles.The structure of the complex suggests the possibility of further modification, which guarantees the "Iskander" long service to guard the public interest.
Other positive aspects
control and guidance system is deeply integrated with the similar equipment of similar complexes that are in service of the state.Can get information not only from the machine data collection and processing, but also reconnaissance aircraft, UAV or other equipment.Flight missions is calculated almost instantly.The team at the start of battle can be given not only to the commander of the complex, but also the supreme military command from the closed position.
Since one "Iskander" is on board two rockets, and between their volleys do not take more than two minutes, the power of a fully staffed these complexes division is comparable to that of a small country.In principle, the correct choice of ammunition, the specimen arms fully equivalent of nuclear warheads short range.
