With Russia's transition to a market system of huge changes have taken place in the banking sector.If before financing was carried out by the state budget and, with the advent of businesses, ownership of which can be both private and public, it needed new funding.This triggered an increase in the number of commercial financial institutions.
One of the main items of business are lending operations of commercial banks.They are a source of profit.All income is distributed in two parts: one of them goes to the reserve fund, and the other - on the payment of dividends to those who have a share of the institution.
Credit operations of commercial banks - a system of relations between the creditor (in the person who performs a financial institution) and the borrower (in other words - the debtor).At the heart of this operation is to provide the bank a certain amount of funds to both legal and physical person.This must remain the following conditions:
- Paid.The desired amount (credit) is not issued free of charge.The Borrower shall pay a certain percentage of the bank.Therefore, repaying the loan, the amount you give is much greater than that which received a loan from a financial institution.
- urgency.All credit operations of commercial banks have their own terms.In case of violation of their you will be penalized.
- recoverability.Gifts now does not give anyone.Therefore, funds received for the time you have to return after a set period of time.
Types of credit operations of commercial banks
All credit operations of commercial banks have their own classification.The main one is the separation of activities, depending on the subject of lending:
- it can be active operations - such a system acts in which represented the lender is a bank.It is implemented most often in the form of loans and grants;
- passive operation - a system of attracting money from customers or other banks.Financial institution in this case will be the borrower.The Bank accepts money for those same terms of repayment (you get your money back), urgency (the time for which you have opened a deposit) and payment.That is, with this approach you do not, and the bank will pay you interest.
The shape of the manipulation of all credit are divided into:
- loans;
- deposits.
There are two kinds of financial relations with the bank.Loans can be:
- Direct.On this form, we can say that when the customer initially signs a contract with a bank for a certain amount.
- indirectly.In recent years, widespread commercial type of credit, when in the face of the subjects are enterprises.Such relationships are made in the form of promissory notes.If there are any misunderstandings, the lender has the full right to convey to the Office of the bank loan.
Accounting credit operations of commercial banks by using special accounts.They are:
- 1st order - fixed all the information on the persons to whom the loan was granted;
- 2nd order - fixed all information about the terms of credit.
This fixing system allows the control and sound financial activity, identify defaulters and impose penalties.On the basis of these accounts is based and credit history of the borrower.
