Third Reich - is the informal name of Germany in chronological period from spring 1933 to May 1945.Despite such a short life, he played a significant role in the history of the last century, leaving behind a lot has yet to unravel the mystery.Let's try to briefly describe the most important stages of the fate of the state at that time.Naturally, one should start from the moment when Hitler came to power, to recall what ideas he has captured the hearts of many Germans and poison their minds.But the war - it is not the only thing that distinguished politician.Under his wing, he gathered many outstanding scientists and gave them the opportunity to work and invent.This decision allowed Germany to get the most extraordinary technical devices, through which the country quickly recovered from the terrible destruction.
origin of the name
phrase Drittes reich in German means "Third Reich."It is interesting that this definition is translated into Russian in different ways.The term "Reich" can be interpreted as a "state" and "empire", but he is the closest to such concepts as "power."But even in the German language, he may acquire the mystical meaning.According to him, the Reich - a "kingdom."The author of this concept was the German leader Arthur Moeller van den Bruck.
First and Second Reich
Third Reich ... This term is familiar to almost every person.But few can explain why the state was called so.Why third?The fact that Van den Broek meant by the word indivisible power, which was conceived as a haven for the entire German people.According to his ideas, the first Reich - a Roman Empire.
Her fate began in 962 and was interrupted in 1806 as a result of the defeat that caused her to Napoleon.Second Reich called the German Empire, created in 1871, at a time when the rules of William I. Her story ended after the 1918 revolution.This so-called Kaiser's Germany.But the Third Reich, according to Van den Broek, made weak successor to the Weimar Republic, and was supposed to be a perfect integrity.Even the idea of it took Adolf Hitler.Thus, the history of Germany, in short, just fit into successive Reich.
Brief History
By the late 20's - early 30-ies.the global economy was under the rule of the global crisis that has crippled including Germany.With this and the associated start in 1934, the fate of the Third Reich.In the state of extremely aggravated the political situation.At the same time it increased the importance of the National Socialist Workers' Party.In the July 1932 elections, she won 37% of votes.But, even though it has surpassed the other party, yet this was not enough to form a government.
at the next election result was even less (32%).All this year, President Hindenburg urged Hitler to become a member of the government, asked him to place the vice-chancellor.However, he agreed only to the position of chancellor.Only next winter Hindenburg succumb to these conditions.And on January 30, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor.
In February, banned the Communist Party and its leaders against the persecution started hard, which has undergone almost half of its members.
immediately dissolved the Reichstag, and the elections held in March won NDSAP.The newly established government is already at the first meeting, on March 23 approved the extraordinary power of the right of Hitler.
In July, have been banned all existing parties except the Nazi.Also dismissed the unions, and instead formed a German Labour Front.1938 marked the beginning of arrests and extermination of the Jews.
Hitler's popularity grew steadily.A significant role in this propaganda played: Kaiser's Germany and the weak Weimar Republic condemned, reminded also defeated in the First World War.Also, the growing popularity of the Fuhrer was due to end the Great Depression and a notable economic development.Particularly noteworthy is the fact that during this period the country has taken a leading position for the production of metals such as aluminum and steel.
in 1938 to the Reich, Austria, and behind it in 1939 - and Czechoslovakia.The next year, the head of the Soviet Union and Germany signed a treaty of non-aggression.
World War II and the Third Reich
In September 1939, the soldiers of the Reich went to Poland.France and Britain in response, declared war on Germany.Over the next three years of the Reich defeated European countries.In June 1941, Germany attacked the Soviet Union, some of its occupied lands.
the conquered areas establishes a regime of intimidation.This triggered the emergence of guerrilla groups.
In July 1944 a coup was attempted (collapsed) and the failed attempt on Hitler's life.The state organized clandestine guerrilla groups.
7 May 1945 signed an act of unconditional surrender of Germany.May 9 was the day of the end of hostilities.And on May 23 he was arrested government of the Third Reich.
State and territorial structure of the Third Reich
head of the empire was the Chancellor.The executive power was concentrated in the hands of the government.The legislative body is the Imperial Diet, which is elected by the people.Within Germany was allowed to operate only the National Socialist Workers' Party.
Third Reich was divided into fourteen lands and two cities.
Countries included in the state as a result of expansion, and those that lived mainly ethnic Germans were included in it as Imperial counties.They were called "Reichsgau."Thus, Austria was divided into seven such entities.
on the remaining occupied lands organized Reichskommisariat.A total of five such entities have created, four more planned form.
symbols of the Third Reich
Perhaps the most famous and familiar symbol characterizing the Third Reich - is a red flag with a swastika, which still banned in many countries.By the way she was portrayed on almost all state attributes.Interestingly, the weapon of the Reich, especially cold, created allowing for the uniforms and national symbols.Another attribute is the iron cross with flared ends.The coat of arms is himself the image of the Black Eagle, in its talons which was oak wreath with a swastika.
«deutschlandlied»
anthem of the Third Reich - is created almost a century before the start of Hitler's "Song of the Germans."The author of the text was Hoffmann von Fallersleben.Musical accompaniment wrote Joseph Haydn.Anthem of the Third Reich is now the main composition of a united Germany.Interestingly, the "Song of the Germans" in our day does not cause such strong negative associations, such as the swastika.However, this does not apply to military marches of the Third Reich.
Anyway, part of them.For example, a composition written by Horst Wessel, was marching storm troopers and the anthem of the ruling party.These days it is forbidden by criminal law in Germany and Austria.
