In the early XX century, large-scale peasant uprisings in the Russian Empire forced the authorities to seek solutions to the agrarian problem in the country.Objectively, there were two possible ways of agrarian reform.The first way led to the preservation of the landed estates and the destruction of the peasant community.The second path led to the cancellation of the landed estates and the nationalization of land.In the process of implementation of land reforms, and there was the concept of "cut."This word previously rare in speech, but in the early centuries of its value known to all farms empire.
Stolypin reform
All-Russian Congress of the United Nobility gave impetus to the implementation of the first way of land reform.Taking into account the inevitability of the death of the old peasant way of life, the government decided on the complete destruction of peasant allotment land, with holdings of large landowners remained intact.Reforms carried out under the leadership of Prime Minister P. Stolypin, and soon appeared at the hearing called "Stolypin reforms."November 3, 1905 was presented to the king's manifesto, according to which the redemption payment is canceled and the allotment of land became wholly owned by the peasant.So there was the opportunity to form of land holdings cut.This word appears in the beginning of 1906 and has been successfully used until the 1917 revolution.This concept is derived from the "chop", "cut off" - so called in the national environment division of the land between the farms.
meaning of the word "cut" refers to a separate area, isolated from communal land ownership in the private use of the peasant.
Personal freedom
Together with the division of communal lands, it was decided to evict the poor peasant farms on the outskirts of the land of the Russian Empire.Because the peasantry under the tsars did not have full rights and freedoms, the question of consolidation of the representatives of this class of freedom of movement.March 10, 1906 The position of the Council of Ministers granted the peasants freedom to elect residence, freedom of movement, the revocation of passports "restrictive rules" and the adjustment of the peasantry in his civil rights with other classes.Thus, the peasant could leave the community and to get land into private ownership - cut.This is possible even in areas where the soil was fertile enough - so decide and the issue of resettlement on the outskirts of the empire.
Khutornoi economy
few households with private land ownership form a hamlet.Typically, these small settlements arose in the newly annexed areas of tsarist Russia, where communal land tenure is not practiced or did not receive wide distribution.Farm and bran is an iconic symbol of Stolypin's reform, which was aimed at the reorganization of the peasantry in small farms on the Prussian model.
successful completion of Stolypin reforms prevented the October revolution.Since her arrival, many have lost their significance words, including "cut."This concept has lost its importance after the publication of the Decree on Land, signed by VILenin.
