pretext - is a service of the speech, which is used to identify the subject to the object of their relationship to each other.It expresses the so-called syntactic dependence the following parts of speech: numeral, pronoun, noun - from others.And its main feature is that an excuse - it is official word that is not used alone.And this applies to all languages.
prepositions in German
role of this part of the speech in the language is the same as in our native Russian.Everything is simple and clear.Preposition - a piece of connecting groups of words together.Usually they stand in front of the word, which includes.It should give you an example.Das Fenster (translated as "window"), der Tisch (table).You can combine these words into a single sentence.Received the following: "Der Tisch an dem Fenster", which can be translated as "table by the window."More should mention that prepositions are used to determine the case of a noun, pronoun and often.But only in those cases where these parts of speech are after a pretext.They are used as the possessive case with one or several at a time.However, some prepositions are used after the noun, and before him.
Compliance with verbs
It must be said that many German verbs have to be behind certain additions or excuses, and in a certain case.In some cases, the value of prepositions that govern verbs, does not coincide with the transfer of Russian counterparts.There has one glaring example.The phrase "I'm thinking of you" in German translates as "Ich denke an dich".If you literally understand this sentence, it sounds in Russian it is this: "I believe in / on you."By the way, on this basis, many have difficulty understanding.Russian tend to translate literally or that an offer to as closely as possible to convey the essence of his German interlocutor, as a result of the improper use of prepositions opponent just does not understand the spoken.We can not forget about it.That is why you need to learn a list of excuses, and to train them to apply.
first group
prepositions, like many other parts of speech are divided into several groups.There are only three.It is those behind do not require any specific mortality - the first group.The second group are those that are managed exclusively by one of case, as well as a group of particles of the data managed by the two deaths (Akkusativ and Dativ).And if we talk about what a preposition in the literature, it is worth considering each of the groups.So, als and wie - those who do not need after a certain case.After them, the parts of speech change how the sentence.You can give an example: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer (here pronounced Nominativ), and translates the proposal somewhat illogical: "I knew him even when he was a teacher."There is another option, bowed at Akkusativ.It sounds like this: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer.And translation, respectively: "I knew him when he was still a teacher."Although, again, it is only in Russian so these phrases sound, in German both options very logical.
second group
To those, as has been said, are those excuses that are controlled by only one case.And it is not uncommon, as many of them and such are.Here is a list of those who run Akkusativ (accusative): wider, pro, um, ohne, per, gegen, je, durch, für, dis.For example, the following sentence: Ich gehe durch den Straße.It translates as "I walk down the street."Next: prepositions that govern Dativ (dative).These include entgegen, aus, gemäß, mit, bei, seit, nach, zu, zuliebe, von, gegenüber.Incidentally, it is worth noting that many prepositions are combined with other words.And there are plenty of cases.For example, zu + sammenlegen - fold;vor + bei - by, etc.And the last group - these are prepositions that govern Genitiv (genitive).Here are some of them: diesseits, unterhalb, oberhalb, jenseits, ungeachtet, infolge, as well as many others.You can see that this group includes most complex prepositions.And by the way, there are more than others.They also manage only one case.
third group
These are the excuses that run with two deaths.These include the following words: unter, vor, neben, hinter, in, an, auf, über, zwischen.These words run Akkusativ and Dativ.And in this case is it depends on the context.For example, if there is a word in the phrase "wohin?" (Translation: "what?") And then conducted speech about action carried out with the aim, then the excuses, which they say, are used with the cases Akkusativ.Thus the aim of the action is indicated by the syntax.It looks like this: "Er setzte sich neben mich" - he sat down next to me.In general, the theme is quite simple prepositions, most important to give it a little time and draw their attention to the features that were listed earlier.In this case study, and will be easier to remember.Preposition - it's not such a complex topic as irregular verbs, especially since it is easy to practice.In general, any teacher advises his disciple, who has more or less parses the German speech, dive as possible in the language environment.Even if you can not fly to Germany, the practice is also possible at home.Start better with movies, interviews, songs.It is known that the auditory memory - one of the most loyal and reliable.German easily falls on the ear.Here the most important thing - attention, because at first it may seem strange, in principle, as in the case of other foreign languages if a person hears them for the first time.
