once known philologist asked how many languages he knows.He pointed to the thick dictionaries on Russian and said he did not know any because was unable to master his own.That is why literacy for native speakers of Russian is even more important than for a foreigner.A man who does not know foreign languages is ignorant.A man who does not know their own language - traitors.So, consider the participial, commas, associated with it, and the rules for its use.
What is participial?
This design always consists of two parts:
- Communion;
- dependent words.
Communion - an independent part of speech, a verbal form having signs of an adjective.This part of the speech shows a verb like symptoms, and adjective.Signs of the verb are: management, appearance, bail while.
signs of communion as an adjective are: gender, number, case shape.
worth remembering that these symptoms are constant.
Communion turnover: commas, associated with it, after the word it
If participial is determined after the word, it stands apart by commas.A few examples:
dog running around in the yard, ran to the gate.
defining words in the back of a "dog"."Running around in the yard" - he was involved in trafficking.
skyscraper, built in the shortest possible time, towering over the city.
«Skyscraper" - defined word."Built in the shortest possible time" - was involved in trafficking, which "built" - communion, "as soon as possible" - dependent words.
Note that in the first sentence of the sacrament to be valid, and the second - passive.
Communion turnover: commas and rules of use before defining words
rule states: "participial facing defining words not segregated by commas."For example: lying on the table a piece of sausage drew attention Murzik.
«lying on the table" - was involved in trafficking.Please note that there is no allocation of participial phrase with commas.
brewed strong coffee and stood to cool, and the girl did not go all the kitchen.
place participles in Russian language and their clever use
Communion came in more modern language of Slavic antiquity, but although there is a long time, in oral communication are rarely used.Moreover, the comma before and after the turnover involved was and will be a scourge for all students.And all because of this construction is not found in everyday speech.Some experts strongly recommend the use of such.It should adhere to another recommendation: Do not load the written text turnovers involved - you risk making it difficult to digest.Avoid a large number of the sacraments, in which suffixes have a sizzling: melting, Carcano walking, reading, flickering living carrying chewing and so on. D.
If necessary, participial easily replace the subordinate clause.In this sacrament the comma after the turnover is maintained even when the transformation.For example:
Apple, washed me, lying on the table.- Apple, I washed, lying on the table.
text written by me, was forgotten in the room.- The text that I wrote, was forgotten in the room.
errors when using participial
Because of the specific nature of the sacraments people make many mistakes when using them and distort the participial, commas, and sometimes even do not put.Eating Communion and momentum, based on them, you should follow a few rules.
- not use particle "would."Wrong will offer: miners did not use a special dynamite, would provoke a collapse of the entire mine. It is in this case, we can bail out clause. miners did not use a special dynamite that would provoke the collapse of the entire mine.
- conjunctions can not be included in the participial.Therefore bridge that hit last week, were not rebuilt. In such cases there is confusion in the structure of the proposal and it becomes properly drawn up.The best option will be the M ost that hit last week, were not rebuilt.
- speech often violated the order of the turnover and the defined.1) Communion separated from the main turnover of other words. mouse rustling in the corner gnawing seed. obvious misplacement of the sentence.They need to be reversed. Mouse gnawing grain, rustling in the corner.
2) defines the word in the middle of a turn.For example: She had yellowed side of sunlight. grammatically correct sentence: She was yellowed from the sun side.
category and time - not just words
addition, important characteristic participles category and time.
1) The present participle emphasize that they represent. I saw the schooner carrying the waves.We went to the village-based old landowner.
2) the appearance of permanency. Marina - a good worker, responsibly perform their duties.
cat - an animal cunning, always thirsting for peace.
3) Pointing to a permanent sign, sometimes use the past participle. He stared at an apple tree growing in the garden.- He stared at an apple tree that grew in the garden.
RememberActual Communion represent a sign of someone who (which) makes ( floating boat, dine family reading Princess ), and passive - with whom (what) do ( rolled newspaper, cut apple, read the book written text ).
Thus, in the article we uncovered what was involved in trafficking, when released by commas and what are the rules and exceptions when it is used.
