year, the planet continues its movement even continents are constantly moving.All this happens because of various kinds of physical laws and happens by itself.What can be said about the phenomenon in the life of humanity and of individual countries as emigration.
Emigrant - who is this?
Before the knowledge of all the nuances, it is necessary to understand the definition.So what is the emigration and who are immigrants?It is the citizens who wish to independently move from one country to another.Emigration, unlike the above phenomena is caused not by the laws of nature.She and her brother - immigration (do not confuse the two concepts, they are totally opposite in value) occurs for a variety of other reasons, such as political repression, war, the low social and economic living standards, natural and man-made disasters, family reunification, ethnic and religious conflicts, and so on. d.
One should not confuse these people with migrants (those who relocate within the territory of the same State).Emigrant - a person is not moving within the country, as in the above case, and crossing the border of the state, in other words, going beyond it.
Some terminology
With term emigration is also associated with a number of other words, the values of which allow a deeper insight into the essence of the process.You can start with a branch of science, thanks to which we have the knowledge for the development or worsening of the phenomenon under consideration.It is about migratsiologii.
According to her, at the term immigrant (it's out of the country) is a kind of antonym, definition, opposite in meaning: the immigrant.This person, on the contrary, to enter the country.That is, a person chooses a particular state as its new permanent residence.
also strongly associated with the concept of re-emigration emigration, which means the return of the "prodigal son" (emigrant) in the country from which he moved.Factors contributing to this phenomenon, often serve the improvement of political, social, economic or, for example, the environmental situation.All is well, the crisis is over, why not return to their homeland?
One of the important processes that have a lot to do with emigration, or to be more precise, is one of its categories, is repatriation - is arriving in the country, which can not be home to a man, but was once that of itsancestors.
Political refugees
One of the main reasons for emigration are the first of all the political aspects.The number of such immigrants are not so great, but that person was forced to leave his native country, it is necessary to try to be nice, do not you?The definition of "political refugee" is attributed to the person who had to leave their homeland as a result of religious, racial, political, caste oppression and persecution, and also because of nationalist extremist ideas and so forth.
most famous political refugees, internally at various times to leave the country, have become:
- AV Litvinenko - a former employee of the KGB, and later the Russian FSB, criticized the Russian state regime and policies directly Vladimir Putin.He was granted political asylum in Britain.
- BA Berezovsky - Russian statesman and politician, businessman, who emigrated to the United Kingdom as a result of the plurality of excitation of criminal cases on charges of fraud, attempting to seize power, money laundering, where he received political refugee status.
- E. Snowden - former American CIA, NSA and the US granted temporary political asylum in the Russian Federation in connection with the charges of embezzlement of state property, as well as espionage.
relocated recently
Along with all sorts of settlers there, and a subtype as transient immigrants - are the citizens who leave their homes and move to permanent residence in the neighboring states.For examples, you can distinguish the two most well-known group of such persons, which are now often heard in the news.Leading positions occupied by transients US expats - people relocating to the United States from North and Central America, as well (due to the current situation), refugees from the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, urgently moving to Russia.The reasons they are different.If the first move to an extremely low financial situation, numerous groups of Ukrainians tend to the territory of the Russian Federation due to the armed conflict broke out.
Intellectual Emigration
Under intellectual emigration (in other words, brain drain) means the departure of people with higher education, master's, and doctoral degrees in other countries.Such a departure is due to various kinds of causes that can be described by the following examples: a very small image of the status of scientists in the country;inadequate physical infrastructure, blocking the possibility of discovery;Various political aspects;meager financial support, as well as low wages and so on. d. Emigration, as well as the notion of immigrant - is not the best record of any state.It shows the level of, literally, the outflow of people from the country, which means there is no suitable habitat for them.Most intellectual emigration prone developing countries, for example, the former European colonies, located in East and South Asia, and Africa.The term "brain drain" is also, unfortunately, applies to a number of former socialist countries located within the Eastern Europe.
Russian emigration
leave the territory as a former Soviet state, and modern Russia was and is also the place to be, and, unlike other states, the process can be divided into four streams (wave).First observed during and after the Civil War in Russia.One of the most famous immigrants of this period were such prominent figures of science and art as VK Zworykin, FI Chaliapin, Lossky, NA Berdyaev, and others. The second wave occurred during the Second World War.The third stream of immigrants refers to the times of "cold war", that is 50-90 years.The fourth wave came in the period of disintegration of the USSR.It was associated with differences in political views, as well as temporary worsening of social and economic standard of living.At the present stage, there is still the problem of the outflow of the indigenous population, especially of prominent scientists and university graduates.
