What is an ecosystem, and when there was this term?The idea of the unity of living organisms and their environment come back in the Greek head, but the embodiment of a scientific idea was only in the nineteenth century after Christ.The modern definition, explaining that such an ecosystem, goes something like this (in different sources there is a slight discrepancy) is a set of living organisms that inhabit the landscape with respect to the same type of land, plus a communication system for exchange between matter and energy, plus habitat, orbiotope.
Ecosystems are classified according to the degree of sustainability and diversity.As an example - a birch grove.This is a relatively stable ecosystem monocultural.The opposite example is tropical forest.The variety of its constituent organisms such that travelers have repeatedly said that sometimes in the line of sight is impossible to find two plants of one species.
concept of ecosystem includes many components.Environmental specialists distinguish klimatop - the chemical composition of the air or the aquatic environment specific to the area landscape.Edafotop - soil, typical for this ecosystem.Ecotop - a set of environmental conditions, habitat - land area, according to their terms of habitat suitable for one type of plant or animal.Finally, biocenosis - the totality of living organisms inhabiting the land areas.Ecology - the science emerging, developing, so some scientists in the ecosystem include additional factors that challenged their colleagues.However, it is only a matter of classification.Some prefer a fractional division components of the ecosystem, while others oppose them.
to more accurately understand what ecosystem, we should remember that the human impact on the world around us is not something that every decade, and every year is getting stronger.Therefore, there is a huge amount of artificial ecosystems, to the formation and maintenance of which the person is most relevant.An illustrative example of such a human ecosystem - agricultural land in all its diversity.Wheat field, orchard, cotton plantations - are all examples of artificial ecosystems with all the features characteristic of natural ecosystems, natural.
different type of man-made ecosystem is the city.The modern industrial city has a special significance in the global ecosystem called "Planet Earth."It has an impact not only on its neighboring ecosystems, but also "through remote access" - those systems that are separated from him for many kilometers.In the dozens, hundreds and sometimes thousands of kilometers.And not only in the pollution of the environment.Material needs of the city are able to change the structure of ecosystems, sometimes even on another continent.A classic example: to meet the needs of the city in the paper producers are forced to cultivate certain species of trees, most suitable for production.In this regard, forests, primarily consisting of trees of different species and ages, and even become monocultural monovozrastnymi.
Modern science makes it quite fully answer the question of what is an ecosystem, what is its influence on the human (and vice versa).And what about that, what are the ways to maintain ecosystems in a condition suitable for the normal life of Homo sapiens, the debate continues.Most agree on the idea that the best solution would be to limit consumption.However, the ways in which to achieve it - the big question.
