Environmental monitoring - a set of observations, ongoing for the state in which resides the environment, as well as its evaluation and prediction of changes in it under the influence of both anthropogenic and natural factors.Typically, in any territory, such studies are always ongoing, but the service they are engaged belong to different departments, and their actions are not coordinated in any of the aspects.For this reason, before environmental monitoring is the primary task: to determine the ecological and economic area.The next step is to select information regarding the state of the environment is.You also need to make sure that the received data is enough to draw the right conclusions.
Types of environmental monitoring
Since during the observation to solve many problems of different levels, at the time it was proposed to distinguish its three directions:
- hygienic;
- natural and economic;
- Global.
However, in practice it turned out that this approach does not clearly define the zoning and organizational settings.It is impossible to divide and function subspecies environmental monitoring.
Environmental monitoring : subsystem
main subspecies surveillance leading the environment is:
- climate monitoring.The service is engaged in monitoring and prediction of climate variability.It covers the ice, the atmosphere, the ocean and other parts of the biosphere, the influence on its formation.
- Geophysical Monitoring.This service analyzes data on air pollution data and hydrology, meteorology.
- Biological monitoring.This service is monitoring how pollution affects all living organisms.
- Monitoring the health of the inhabitants of a territory.This service monitors, analyzes and forecasts the state of health of the population.
So, in general environmental monitoring as follows.Select the environment (or one of its object), its parameters are measured, collected, and then the information is transmitted.The data are processed, given their general characteristics at this stage and is forecasting the future.
levels surveillance environment
Environmental monitoring - a system of multi-level.By increasing it looks like this:
- Detailed level.Monitoring is implemented in small areas.
- Local level.This system is formed when part of detailed monitoring combined into a single network.That is, it has been going on in the district or a city.
- Regional level.It covers the territory of several regions within a single state or province.
- National level.His form combined in one country of the regional monitoring.
- Global level.In a combined monitoring system of several nations.His task - to monitor the state of the environment throughout the world, to predict its changes taking place, including, and as a result of anthropogenic impacts on the biosphere.
surveillance program
Environmental Monitoring scientifically justified and has its own program.It specifies the purpose of the meeting, concrete steps and methods of implementation.The main points that make up the environmental monitoring program are as follows:
- A list of objects which are monitored.Identifying their territory.
- List of ongoing monitoring and performance limits of their changes.
Finally, the time frame, that is, how often samples should be selected, and when the data should be provided.
