Perhaps a child my mother often other questions to ask one: "your hands with soap washed?" Without exception, all know that the unwashed (or poorly washed) hands can cause as a little indigestion, and such serious diseases, such asintestinal infections, cholera, hepatitis A, polio and so on. d.
For most of us need to observe the rules of hygiene is not in doubt.Wash hands after a walk, before eating, after using the toilet - the same obligatory rituals, such as greeting with the familiar.But not all are thinking of what to make soap that we use.
What is soap?
We used that soap - a fragrant brusochek that dissolves under the influence of water and foam.This foam washes away the dirt, and hands are clean.Basic knowledge of chemistry enable us to give a more precise explanation of the molecules that make up the soap combined with the non-polar molecules of substances caught in the hands of the (grease, dirt and so on. N.).These soap molecules are easily connected with the polar water molecules.It turns out that the chemical composition of soap - a kind of mediator between water and greasy dirt.Soap is connected to the dirt molecules and "clings" to the water.The water, in turn, removes these compounds from the skin of hands.
Chemical Terminology
terms of chemistry and soaps - emulsifier for oil-water system.Soap molecule is elongated in a snake that has a hydrophobic tail and head - hydrophilic.The hydrophobic, that is fat-soluble tail, plunging into the dirt firmly connected with it.The head also refers to water molecules.Such a system is called a micelle drops.Fat in these compounds is no longer felt by us as "slippery."
effect of oily film on the water disappears instantly when added to a small amount of soap (whether solid or liquid).The micelles formed immediately and hold down the fat molecules.Water is under the influence of which is made of soap, it becomes softer and more "thinner".These new properties allow it to penetrate deep into the tissue and wash out all sorts of contamination.
same effect dilution water can be achieved simply by heating.For materials with a non-porous surface is enough hot water to remove all fatty contamination.You can safely wash the dishes without soap in hot water, but the hands have been washed off the fat soap.
How much soap
So we already know that the micelles - connections with soap water and fat - rather steady drop.And their size is small due to the effects of temperature.How do you determine how much you need soap?The easiest way - to achieve foaming.After all, the presence of suds evidence of abundant fat molecules unrelated entities in the soap micelles.Since all micelles are negatively charged, they repel each other and can not unite.But rather see a small drop of oil, and of the unbound molecules of soap solution will merge with it in a more stable connection.A related molecule detergent can not give foam formation.
chemical composition of soap
In an attempt to figure out what to do from the soap, will have to think a little high-school chemistry.Soap - a high salt (carboxylic, sodium or potassium).
Sol in terms of cooking, we understand.A chemistry?This is the reaction products of alkali and acid.In nature, we often meet separately and the first and second.But soap in nature.Although the production of soap - is simple enough, but it still requires a certain knowledge and skills.
saponification (producing foaming substances with detergent properties) requires that familiar to us the fatty acids reacted with alkali.The latter cleaves the fatty acid to glycerol and fatty acids.The sodium (potassium) component of the alkali reacts with acid and formed sodium (potassium) salt of fatty acids, which we know as soap.
natural or synthetic soap
When you take from the shelves brusochek detergent and carefully proofread, from which soap is made, do not always find in the composition of natural coconut or olive oil.The soap industry is brewed from refinery waste.It turns out detergents, which has no natural soap with nothing to do.On the one hand, synthesized products surround us everywhere, and nothing wrong with that.On the other - you want to use this, then there is a natural product.As already mentioned, this product appears in the process of "saponification" or soap making.In practice, remove the glycerin from the soap is very difficult, therefore, natural soap is softer and better on the skin.Glycerin - the major component of soap, as this natural moisturizer is capable of absorbing moisture from the air and transfer it to the skin.Thus, the skin does not dry out and remains elastic enough.
A variety of oils for soap
Every natural oil has its own characteristics.To make the soap of certain properties necessary to make soap out of a natural oil.
Coconut oil is excellent foam, for example.And olive contains a large amount of minerals and mineral acids for the skin.More exotic canola (rapeseed varieties) and has the familiar palm oil - are excellent conductors of nutrients into the skin.Sunflower oil more often than not used for cooking brusochkov soap.But it is a cream-soap - excellent component.
Synthetic components
Industrial boiled soap is very diverse.Color, odor, properties, and so on.. But it should be remembered that smells of soap and color - it's just the chemicals created in the laboratory.Of course, manufacturers are repeatedly tested the effect of all components of the skin, but in exceptional cases can be idiosyncrasy of the individual elements.
The same can be said of natural essential oils.In spite of everything, an individual can be a negative reaction to a particular component.Nevertheless, handmade soap has much less negative impact on the skin.
second important caveat - the color of the soap.It can also be obtained synthetically or from natural dyes.Natural dyes "turbid" and "turn off", but certainly they are harmless in comparison with its competitors chemical.
Soap
mylovar distinguish between cosmetic and soap.According to its name, is designed to wash laundry soap and wash everyday objects, not the skin.However, beauticians recommend not to abandon the use of soap to restore hair and skin.
soap Ingredients (Standard distinguishes 3 types) is characterized by a high content of fatty acids and bases.Actually, the content of acids, natural plant and animal oils and alkali soap is such categories: at least 70.5%, at least 69% and not less than 64%.This kind of soap did not cause allergies, it can be used even for children's items.
Laundry soap is seen as a natural antiseptic.With this purpose it is used for cleaning in hospitals.Dentists recommend after each use soap toothbrush, it does not become a breeding ground for bacteria.
