Modern industry is developing very dynamically.Unlike past years, the development is going through an intense, with the involvement of the latest scientific developments.Huge importance resource-saving technology.This term refers to a whole system of measures aimed at significant reduction in resource consumption while maintaining a high level of product quality.Ideally, try to achieve the lowest possible consumption of raw materials.
Background to the widest possible implementation
Despite the efforts of conservation organizations and legislators about a significant reduction of harm caused to the environment by industrial enterprises, can not speak.In Russia alone, the damage caused by industrial emissions is estimated at 150 billion rubles annually, while in the US the figure altogether amounts to about 7% of the domestic GDP!
World experience shows that those costs are incurred for a resource-saving technology in the first stage of its implementation, are not comparable with the expenditure for the leveling effects of the use of outdated and dirty production methods.Terms of the full cost of new technologies does not exceed five years.
great danger is the gradual depletion of natural resources.For example, only 50 years ago, we did not develop iron ore deposits, if the content of iron was less than 50-60%.Today even begin production of the ore, which is not more than 30% of the metal.
Even ash used in coal thermal power station now exceeds 30%, while in the 60s, this figure does not exceed 20%.Some cities have to be used for heating the raw material, the ash content exceeds 55%.Moreover, in some cases, it has already begun active extraction of raw materials from waste, even in previous years.All this contributes to a dramatic increase in the amount of waste.Thus, resource-saving technology is very important as it allows the industry and the national economy to consume less raw materials, producing more product.
How is the conservation of resources?
In most cases, reducing the amount of resources consumed is accomplished by reusing waste materials.So, in steelmaking is currently used at least 30% of prefabricated metal, the production of paper is taken up to 25% recycled paper.Production of non-ferrous metals using at least 20% recycled materials.It should be noted that the size of the investment for the widespread introduction of technologies of processing of waste materials exactly four times lower than for the creation of industrial complexes for mining.
Given the fact that we should not invest in the production of steel, these technologies allow at least a third to reduce the thermal pollution of the environment.Put simply, reduced harmful greenhouse effect.In short, investing in the development of these very profitable.What
allow saving technologies?
Firstly, any resource-saving technology can seriously reduce the amount of waste and emissions into the environment.For example, when engaging in the processing of chlorine-containing waste from the smelting of titanium production of chlorine emissions into the environment has been reduced by 50%!
Square, which before were occupied by technological dumps or landfills, the latest technology allows completely free of debris and used for recreational purposes.By the way, sent for processing waste, which contain a variety of sulfur dioxide (in the same industry, for example), not only reduces the environmental pollution, but also can significantly reduce the amount of sulfur produced initially.
extremely important that new technologies are developing the basis for the processing of plastic waste: for example, the specific heat capacity of two tons of plastic bottles is similar to the value of a ton of crude oil!Thus, creating a new generation of filters, we can heat the big cities for years, using only a plastic trash from landfills ...
compare ...
extremely high value that are new industrial technologies in the steel industry.If ton melted metal, the contamination of the environment (compared to steel smelting of ore) is reduced immediately to 86% of water should at least 76%, and the total amount of waste is reduced immediately by 57%!Approximately the same picture is obtained if we compare the production of paper from recycled paper and virgin pulp.
Do not forget about the environment!
In light of the current situation in the environmental field leaves much to be desired, all the modern technology must contribute to the reduction of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.Given the condition of the same today Norilsk metallurgical and other cities not only in our country but throughout the world, the latest industrial technologies should not only provide work for thousands of people in heavy industry, but also to protect their health.
Based on what new methods of production?
Firstly, carried out mass replacement of low-quality raw materials to more modern counterparts, which can produce the same quantity of products with best quality.For example, in paint production, this approach has led to the replacement of conventional paints to water-soluble organic solvents products.
for end users is also important preserved products without impairing the functionality of its real performance.An excellent example is the replacement of the polymer film on the paper in the case of the adhesive tape.Its quality has remained the same, but the amount of waste and emissions fell sharply.This is a resource-saving technologies, examples of which we present in this article.
Of course, it is essential to change the process itself, so that it corresponds to present-day realities.So, today it is increasing emphasis on conversion to a continuous cycle of production output.This solution is much more promising than the periodic stopping and starting the equipment, which is accompanied by a sharp increase in emissions.
Closely related to this is also a requirement for the conversion of production to the new equipment that consumes less consumables, fuel and spare parts.Such resource-saving technologies in the industry significantly increase the manufacturability.This not only reduces the amount of waste, but also contributes to a considerable reduction in price of the final product.
Computers - to the masses!
For example, these include CNC machines and a fully computerized production line, with maximum accuracy and efficiency can be cut from a single piece of metal required details.Such machines (as compared with conventional) providing waste reduction by 50-80%.Also, do not have to worry about the level of training of workers.
Note that the use of modern technologies have to assume not only to reduce the amount of waste, but also their safe storage.To the latter point, the following requirements apply:
- place of hazardous waste materials in no way be in contact with the environment.
- All waste must be packaged so that later it was easier to send them for recycling.
- If recycling on the existing technical and technological level is not possible, they should be transferred to a state in which they exerted the least possible negative effects (melting of the vitreous state of spent nuclear fuel).
- Accordingly, containers for long-term storage should be minimally susceptible to corrosion and other negative environmental factors.
main examples of the use of resource-saving technologies
classic example can be considered as pyrolysis refining, chemical methods of ore dressing methods alkaline treatment of peat, which is obtained by means of not only fuel, but also humic fertilizers, plant growth stimulants.All of these technological "delights" is not only dramatically reduce the number of required raw materials for the production of products, but also provide a lot of useful by-products.This is especially true peat processing when using chemicals from ordinary raw materials for power plants even get medicine!
Examples of biological and chemical processing of raw materials
If you think that the introduction of resource-saving technologies in the biological production exhausted by new methods of production of biologically active additives and medicines, then you are deeply mistaken.The present level of technological development suggests their use, even in metallurgy.
So, now increasingly used bacterial leaching of metals from ores as a minimum content of substance (old dumps) manages to get a lot of high quality raw materials, without polluting dumps from the development the whole area.Even more attractive is the bacterial extraction of valuable metals from waste water ...!And it's not just about steel production, but also on the flow of the large cities.
Thus, the introduction of resource-saving technologies characterizes the development of not only the industry but also society as a whole.Save the environment around us, we will pass it to their offspring.
In addition, with the help of leaching can get a huge amount of high-sulfur coal of low quality that no matter what else is not particularly useful.By the way, in our country in recent years, it introduced the technology of biological treatment of low-grade brown coal, which is obtained from a good artificial soil.
Construction
most common materials for the building of our time are the concrete and reinforced concrete.Only in our country for the year they produced more than 250 million tons.And because modern construction technology to a large extent focus on in saving resources at their release.
Conserve resources in the production of reinforced concrete
The problem is that the concrete - very energy-intensive materials, the production of which spent a huge amount of electricity.In the production of only one cubic meter of total spent 470 thous. Kcal!If processes are imperfect, or in the case when you want to pour concrete structures somewhere in the range, the cost can exceed altogether 1 million kcal!
Given that the national economy in the year require at least 12 million tons of concrete, energy- and resource-saving technologies make it possible to save an enormous amount of money.
most significant problem is the large cost overruns cement builders.There are some real ways to correct this omission.Firstly, most of the material is observed in overrun if builders are used substandard aggregates do not correspond to a particular purpose.So, most often it occurs when the sand is used instead of a normal CBC.
To a large extent, you can reduce costs by using additives, plasticizers, which are now widely available on the international construction scene.Quality plasticizer can reduce the consumption of cement by 20% immediately, with the strength characteristics of the structure being built will not suffer.Given that the latest technology in the industry can produce hundreds of titles, plasticizing additives should be used in any suitable way.
Other energy costs
an isothermal storage in the form of a steel one cubic meter of concrete "eats" not less than 60 thous. Kcal.If the equipment is faulty, the heat losses are increasing exponentially.For example, in some plants, this figure exceeds 200 thousand. Kcal per cubic meter of concrete.Thus, it is possible to more than three times to reduce the excessive consumption, just simply repairing the equipment used in the production of concrete.
very promising method is plasticized mixture electricity heating (in winter).In this case it is possible to significantly reduce not only cement but also the plasticizer in the blend.
Other ways to save cement
It should be noted that the very negative role played by the huge loss of cement during its transportation.This material is in any case impossible to ship an open manner not permitted for frequent congestion.Losses are simply gigantic cement when it first carry by sea, then loaded onto railway platforms, which deliver it to the car.
These losses can be avoided in remote areas to carry cement clinker.It can unload an unlimited number of times.When the material is delivered to the work site, clinker simply milled to obtain a high-quality cement in the required amount.
is extremely important as the correct selection of brands of concrete that would actually correspond to a particular task.Experience shows that over 30% of the total losses of cement accounts for cases where builders are using the wrong grade of concrete.As a result, there are cases when the work has to completely redo.
Thus, the development of modern technologies to help save resources used in all branches of science and industry.Introducing new production methods, we can reduce the amount of harmful emissions into air and water, protect the environment for all future generations.
