erythronium Siberian - a herbaceous perennial plant of the lily family.Included in the Red Book.
erythronium Siberian: description
plant up to 30 cm. Bulb height of 3-8 cm and a diameter of 1 cm, narrowly conical, almost cylindrical periodically.Leves closer to the base of the stem or mid-two in number;are short, opposite, udlinёnno- or ovate-lanceolate, monochrome reddish brownish or grayish-green, spotted by patches of green, up to 15 cm, width - 3-6 cm.
erythronium Siberian, photos are presented in this article,It has a single flower, large, drooping perianth, consisting of six leaves, campanulate-contiguous at the base, and divergent outward bowing.In perianth leaves are pinkish-purple, purple-pink, sometimes white, up to 7 cm, width up to 12 mm.Inside the leaves at the base of the perianth small, extending perpendicularly.
six stamens, twice shorter than the perianth, with oblong-linear anthers.The flat filaments, fusiform, swollen middle and highly refined at the top.Pistil stamens slightly longer (about 20 mm in length).Threaded bar, thickening at the top, with 3-lobed stigma, whose share in the mainly bilateral.Obovate ovary.
Flowering occurs in late April.Fruit - almost spherical, obovate, triangular box up to 20 mm and a width of 12 mm.Seeds slightly.
Geography
Plant Erythronium sibiricum has spread in Siberia, moreover, enters the mountains of Central Asia, Mongolia and China.Most numerous in southern Siberia, west of the Yenisei River: Altai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk region of Khakassia.East of the Yenisei less ample.East location are the Western Sayan (Karatuzsky and Yermakovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Territory).In the north it reaches the latitude of Krasnoyarsk (mostly west of the Yenisei).
taxonomic structure
For erythronium characterized by substantial variability.The local plant populations are heterogeneous, and often can be found near markedly different types: a single-color and colorful leaves, flowers in different sizes and shades of purple and pink.Many plants were introduced as the most decorative culture.As a result, they were based on new varieties.Among them are the following:
- White Fang.It blooms in late April, 30th.Pure white flowers with yellow center, about 6 cm in diameter. Leaves and stems are green.
- White king.Is an early variety, which blooms in mid-April.Pure white flowers with lemon center, framed by reddish inconspicuous points.Branches Chalmovidnaya acquire by the end of the form.Bright green leaves.
- Olga.This Erythronium sibiricum blooms in late April.The flowers are pinkish-purple, covered with pink dots, with a thin white border.Leaves - green and brown with a stripe on the edge.There are other types.
Ecology
Ephemeroid, bulbous Geofit, lives in the birch and aspen, mixed and coniferous forests, found in the forest blackened, with rises in the mountains up to 2800 m. It grows on damp soils nezadernovannyh.
erythronium Siberian (photos can be seen in this article) - is one of the most ranotsvetuschih plants.It begins to bloom, when the snow melts.In Southern Siberia this period begins in April and ends in mid-May (depending on the time of melting snow and the region).In the mountains, it happens later.The flowering period are snowfalls and night frosts.Thus plants are exposed relatively low temperatures, and they are transferred without any damage.
During cold spells, and at night erythronium flowers closes after sunrise - opens them again.In the case of a warm spring plant very quickly fades.If the spring and prolonged cold, the flowering of some plants may last more than two weeks.
should also be noted that this plant nasekomoopylyamoe.It is very actively visited by bees and bumblebees.Often sterile by self-pollination.Within a month after flowering image of a mature capsule is equipped with an appendage of large seeds.Above-ground parts of the flower after the dispersal of seeds quickly, within 1-2 weeks, dying.This happens in the low band to the middle of the summer.
conservation status
Erythronium sibiricum is included in the Red Book of Russia and the regions where this species is found: the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khakassia, Altai Territory, Tomsk Region, the Novosibirsk Region.It is considered vulnerable relict species.Also, it should be noted that the local distribution increases the threat of total destruction of the species.
despite massive growth Erythronium sibiricum in certain regions, a threat to its existence as a full native species remains.Of great importance are the factors felling of natural habitats, in addition, the collection of human kind for sale for food or decorative plants early spring.In the markets in the Siberian cities, despite the protection of the state status of the species, in April, selling bouquets from this plant.
use and meaning
erythronium Siberian - a valuable food and ornamental plant.
One of the most decorative and colorful species.Incredible value is early flowering, which, as mentioned above, takes place just behind the melting of snow, when other small flowering species.Incredibly cold tolerance.To date, displayed huge number of species Erythronium sibiricum, which differ among themselves decorative features, flowering period.
erythronium Siberian used in landscaping lawn - spots along with other perennials.The original appearance and early flowering make it a very interesting and valuable plant.Large bulbs are used for forcing, the flowers are several days in water.
But it's not all the areas where the use of found Erythronium sibiricum.Honey harvested from it in the early spring.It is characterized by pure color and very pleasant aroma.Bulbs, plants can be eaten before they prepare in large quantities in some areas of southern Siberia.In addition, the bulbs are eaten by animals, including wild boar.
