Many people wonder what the numismatics.The definition of this term, as well as the features of the historical development of science are quite interesting facts that relate to many famous personalities of the past.
Numismatics is interested a lot of people - it is for them coins are cultural and historical value, for which they are willing to go to the end of the world.Collectors of all the forces trying to get another rare coin and replenish your collection.Keep in mind also that if you like such a pleasure as numismatics, coin prices can have very surprising.Have your own collection quite expensive, it requires not only the investment of labor and patience, but also a large amount of cash (if it is a really rare instances).
Meaning
What is Numismatics?Translated from the Greek "nomos" means the law or the legal tender, and "NOMIZMA" already means "coin".By itself, numismatics - the science of coins, now it is the auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of currency and coinage.
difference between collector and numismatist
There are completely different concepts, such as "numismatic collecting" and "numismatics as a science."It was just a collector most will not be interested in the historical value of the coin, and its rarity, as well as various artistic features.But if we talk about numismatics as a science, the coins are the most important object for the study of a number of important historical processes of formation and fall of entire countries and their foreign economic relations and characteristics of public life.
For example, it is from these scientists depend on all the theories of the origin of money.They examine not only coins, but checks, coupons, promotions, various credit cards and more.Hence, it appeared in 1960, the broader term "exonumia", which refers to various exotic numismatic collecting payment instruments that do not fall under the category of formally adopted by the State.This also applies to commemorative coins, all kinds of souvenirs in the form of banknotes or coins that are issued on the occasion of a celebration.
importance of the appearance of numismatics
It oosznavaya importance of the appearance of such a phenomenon, you will be able to understand what numismatics.The definition indicates that this science studies not only the different types of coins, but also paper money, medals, badges.
Numismatics science provides information about the various economic relations of peoples of different times, eras.Use the coins you can learn a lot about the political history of any of the same geography.Scientists studying such means of payment, fill gaps in the field of customs and traditions of individual nations and civilizations and their development history.That is why numismatics is closely linked to the symbology, epigraphs, iconology, as well as art history.
story of numismatics as a science
Such enthusiasm as numismatics, appeared in ancient Rome, it was later recorded in the Renaissance in Italy, where the spread further and the countries of Europe.It was at that time the wise men of the world are beginning to write learned treatises on this phenomenon, which is explained in detail the essence of different images and inscriptions on the coins.
Eckel - this name authoritative Austrian scientist associated scientific papers in the field of numismatics, because he is the founder of the first systematic research on this topic.In the XVIII century in Vienna it was published eight volumes of the book "The Science of ancient coins" Eckel II - it is from this period, the science of coins came into existence.
stages of the evolution of the science of coins
So, the history of numismatics.There are two main stages of its evolution, going through that, and it appears to us in the form in which we know it well.
What is Numismatics?This science has come a long process of formation, in fact entirely dependent on money.The first stage involves an age which was popular enough to barter as the only way to get any benefit no idea what money is.
The second stage began with the fact that the gold acted as sole commodity-equivalent for which exchange can be anything.
Later came the first coins of gold and silver.State mass produced coins that were identical weight and shape, and also sets the value of various denominations.
From this stage began emergence of numismatics, the first collectors.Natural exchange of products and goods of daily use - the only thing that was popular in ancient times.
Surplus own made products are always exchanged for something more useful for the household.In the course went all - shells, skins, fabrics and more.
Origin coins
single version of how the coins were first and the way they looked, no.Many researchers argue that the king of Argos in Aegina minted the first coins.A small proportion of scientists believe that this involved the Lydians in VI century BC.Also, there is a perception that the inhabitants of the Mediterranean Ionia were the first bankers in the VII century BC.The inscriptions and images on coins depict the great rulers, or the generals, important historical and political events.This is the case of military operations, the internal struggle for power in the state, the various religious reforms, and more.
metal for ancient coins
Many scholars give different answers to the question of what is numismatics.Some evidence that people who are interested in coins, not just accumulate them in their collections, Tesha vanity, namely researchers are collectibles.
coins in Asia Minor and Greece were made of silver and gold.China has the distinction of being minted their copper.Later in this respect become more popular various alloys.This applies bronze bilona, brass.The gold coins were added a small amount of copper - Get the ligature, the sample is defined as the proportion of time a part of the copper.The sample is always set by the state.
little later added aluminum alloys, nickel, lead and other metals to make coins tougher, more durable in operation.
Stories are cases when the state issued new coins, which have the same rating as the old, but they were worse in quality, and the proportion of precious metals in them were much lower.This debasement was one of the ways to make a profit.
Purpose ancient coins
What is Numismatics?Definition of interest to many.To begin to understand the purpose of coins.
Previously, they were not only used for cash flow, but also in the memory.Their release can be timed to any significant event.For example, this applies to coins "on a visit to the mints," "death" or else "in the forgiveness of sins."Also aware of the special coin which passed the executioner judge when retired - "Pfennig Hamburg executioner."Coins may be minted for his birthday and on other equally important dates.Science numismatics studies each such coin individually, giving due attention to all the historical events that have influenced its appearance.
Equally popular coin "to visit the mints."Noteworthy examples are the ones who have the dignity of a 2-stamp issued in the Kingdom of Saxony for visiting kings mint Myuldenhyutten in 1900, as well as coins of the Warsaw Mint for the president of Poland in 1920.They are especially in demand among modern collectors.
Kommomerativnye coins, the issue of which is specially timed to any festive occasion, are highly regarded by modern collectors.
Modern valuable coins Russian
Numismatics distinguishes some very valuable coins Russia, the cost of which varies from a thousand rubles to 400 thousand rubles per share.
It concerns five cents 2002, where there is no mint mark.The price of such a coin - to four thousand apiece.For example, 5 cents 2003 release have cost 800 rubles apiece.
There are coins, for which banks can even get a reward.For example, 5 rubles 2003, which released the St. Petersburg Mint, the bank will be assessed in 5000 rubles per share, but at the cost of higher coin twice.
one ruble 2003 the coin is 10 thousand rubles.50 cents, 2001, issued by the Moscow Mint - a minimum of 100 thousand rubles.
2 rubles 2001 issued by the Moscow Mint cost from 100 thousand rubles.The same applies to the coin of 1 ruble in 2001.
The conclusion: this is an expensive hobby - numismatics.Prices for items for a really worthwhile collection sometimes prohibitively high.
