Perhaps a few of the younger generation will be able to explain or even to guess what the bachelor.The word fell out of everyday language.Older people associate the term primarily to the concept of "bachelor", but its significance is much broader.
ambiguous term
word has many synonyms.It zahrebetnik and laborer, laborer and a sharecropper, an employee and a bachelor and a loner, nezhenatik not settled, not the master, even a monk and a proletarian.Summarizing all the synonyms, so you can answer the question of what a bachelor.This is a person, having neither house nor home.Of course, the wife either.Bach - not exactly synonymous.The term "bachelor" has a tragic tinge.This is primarily just a lonely man, but rather useless and uninteresting, destitute and a beggar (the rich can often afford to buy an interest in), is deeply unhappy in his old age, when nothing can improve his fate.
Displaying topics in literature and art
This man drew Vasily Perov.A small picture of the so-called "Guitarist-bach."This unfortunate man has no illusions and hopes.Poor, with a fixed gaze pinned the life of man in this world, he does not need anyone.It let the shabby, but boots and hood, he can afford some wine, it plays music.Still, his very sorry.And not one piece is dedicated to the people of rejection.Sergei Yesenin has pinching story "Bobyl and Pal."Admirers of Sergei Lemeshev familiar "Song homeless outcast" from his repertoire, which begins with the words "No house nor home."
class accessory
bachelor So what?Pathetic lonely man?And this, too.But this term is rooted in the distant past (the first reference dates back to 1500), refers to a certain kind of peasants.Kamornikov, Bobylev, holupnikami, kutnikami called landless or land-poor members of this class.Because absolute poverty bobyli were hired to host for sustenance.These people were so poor that at one time were not taxed and is called - bestyagolnye, netyaglovye.But since 1631 bobyli, had his court, became involved in determining cash and labor service.But from 1679 the first such bobyli become subject to tax and thus equaled the peasants.In this case, the question of what a bachelor, you can answer the following: What is man, forced to engage in wage labor.
According to one version, the first bobyli appeared at the end of the XV century in Moscow.This term is called the servant of the contract.Regulations have been much worse than that of people in bondage by the owner, because the bachelor did in the service of the master, deprived of all rights, and besides, was still required to pay any taxes (most of it was taxransom payment for their freedom).In the complete absence of money and the impossibility of their money and come up with can not be worse.
a stitch
No matter how many interpretations of the word, the essence is that those who are called landless, were poor people in Russia.As mentioned above, the first term has appeared in the first half of the century XVI.Moscow scribes began to use this word, along with "pozemschikami" and "nepashennymi people."Under all of these names refers to people who do not have their own land.They were the artisans and industrial people: blacksmiths and Sweden Kalachnikov, shoemakers, the shepherds.These include, in some censuses Zemsky deacons and publican.By bobylkam rank and poor widows.
taxes paid by all
As already noted, those who were called Bobylev taxed as peasants, as well as all in Russia.They paid and yamskih and conspicuous money (kinds of taxes), but the taxes are levied differently.If farmers take on Soham taxes (tax-paying unit of taxation in Russia from the XIII to XVII century), from the landless and nepashennyh people took their stomachs, fisheries and yards.Thus, "hundreds" (scribe or ledger) in 1627 with taxes taken by farmers plowing and land, with the landless - Fisheries and stomach.In these books, the word "bachelor" - a legal term, determines which caste is a person with whom levy taxes.
dark spot in the history of
And then, of course, raises the question of why clear and understandable terms "pozemschiki" or "nepashennye people" in the XVI century, has become a substitute obscure word "bachelor".There are a lot of unknown, and nowhere in the document does not specify why."Nepashennye people" for the most part were not alone, they had families, were sometimes wealthier peasants, which has never been observed for the landless.The city representatives of this group were in the service, but also peasants bobyli had nothing.They took the land, and if in employment, only to process, but never put her yard.Most often bobyli-peasants lived in monasteries, again treated other people's land and pay any taxes.I must say that with the advent of the XVII century of serfdom and the attachment of peasants now fully caught up in the past injustice to the landless.
Far and forgotten
To become landless, had to write "bobylskuyu pay tribute record" on which people deprived of rights and for food and some clothes received only duties.In such conditions we agreed only very poor people, because they are actually hired into slavery.In this case, the word "bachelor" is completely the same as the word "proletarian": both of them have nothing to lose but their chains.
Indeed, bachelor - a term that has more than one meaning, if you delve into the issue.For the current generation of striving for absolute freedom, wild seems even the word "bachelor" which is really there bachelor.It is if we consider the term in this sense.And to the question of how a word is called a farmer who does not have a plot of land, will answer quite a few.
interesting that the etymology of the term is also not clear.There are many options, but it seems more likely the one that connects to the origin of the word "beans" - a symbol of deep poverty."Staying on the beans" - lose everything.
