In this article we will talk about ancient Greece.More precisely, we will try to find an answer to the question of what the policy in ancient Greece.
8-9 century BC.e.Greece is not the only state, such as the state of the Ancient East during its heyday.Greece was the country's policies.
Polis in ancient Greece - a community of citizens, collective farmers and pastoralists, who live together and together to defend their land.Gradually, the policy was modified, taking on the features of the state.It became the center of the walled city, a shopping area - agora, a temple dedicated to the god-patron of the city, various houses and the like.Around the city settled farmers and herders.All arable land, land and the natural resources were considered the property of the community.
owners of the land could only be a citizen.All citizens were members of the militia, which took up arms during the military threat.National Assembly belongs all power in the policy.Participate in it only had the right to citizens of the village.There are different types of policies in Ancient Greece.
there were dozens.Mighty were the policies of ancient Greece.Their names - Athens and Sparta.The richest was the city of Corinth.Each policy has its own government, army and treasury, minted coins.
Athens
Responding to a question about what the policy in ancient Greece, the first country to be considered - is Athens.The territory of the Athenian policy took the entire peninsula of Attica in Central Greece.Sami Athens located in the center of a fertile plain, 5 km from the sea.
dominant position in the new state belonged to the nobility.Top government positions occupied by aristocrats.Higher power belonged to the Areopagus, composed of representatives of the nobility, and the archons - government officials (the head, the high priest, the commander in chief, the six judges of the public).
Gradually the poor members of the community swung open and were forced to borrow from the rich.On the ground, put the debt of borrowers stone.When they could not repay the debt with interest, we lose ground.Taking land on lease allowed himself only a sixth of the harvest, and the rest gave the owner of the land.Skudeli Farmers became indebted, later turning into slaves.
reforms of Solon
in 8-7 century BC.e.a certain part of the demos - the merchants, shop owners and ships, wealthy farmers - rich.Now they are eager to participate in the management of the policy, but have been deprived of this right.They turned and led the struggle of the demos against the aristocracy.
At the height of the Troubles citizens appealed to Solon the Athenian policy, a policy which led to ancient Greece - this has led to the implementation of several reforms.First of all, he canceled the debts of the Athenians and prohibited debt bondage.Land returned to the debtor.The Athenians, who were enslaved for debt, were freed.From now on, no Athenian could not be a slave!
Solon introduced the division of citizens into four categories - the most wealthy, affluent, middle-class and the poor - depending on the size of their assets and income.Citizens of various categories have different rights and perform various duties to the state.
transformation that makes Solon Athenian society, Athens redirected the path of democratic development.
Tyranny in Athens
20 years have passed since the beginning of the reign of Solon, and Athens Troubles began again.A relative of Solon, Peisistratos commander in 560 BC.e.He seized power and began to rule in Athens alone, providing power in the Athenian polis peace and harmony.So Athens was installed tyranny.
Earth aristocrats who fled the country, distributed among the peasants.For them, a tyrant imposed a tax (the tenth part of the harvest) than has enriched the treasury.
Pisistrat trying to promote the development of agriculture, crafts, trade and shipbuilding.He started a lot of construction in Athens: he ordered the temples were erected, and the way water pipes.The city invited famous artists and poets, wrote "The Iliad" and "Odyssey", which by that time were transmitted orally.Actually, it was during the reign of Peisistratos of Athens turned into a cultural center in Greece.Since then, originates and sea power.
The completion of the Athenian polis
Tyranny fell shortly after the death of Pisistratus (as his heirs ruled cruelly), and the first archon was elected legislator Cleisthenes.The entire territory of the Athenian state he divided into 10 districts, each of which consisted of three equal parts - the coastal, rural and urban.Citizenship is now determined not to belong to the genus, and to a certain constituency.Earlier, the country divided on the descent.This reform Cleisthenes "shuffled" citizens and gave them all the same rights.Thus, the impact of nobility in government has been reduced.
All citizens are now considered equal, regardless of economic status that even the poor can hold any public office.For example, in Athens, the power was back in the hands of the people.
Sparta
Mighty policy in ancient Greece called Sparta.In the 9th century BC.e.in the Peloponnese, in Laconia, Dorians founded several settlements.Subsequently, they finally conquered the local Achaean tribes.In the 7th century.BC.e.Dorians attached to his possessions neighboring region Messenia.During the two wars and had the Messinian public education, called Sparta (Sparta).
In this article we are looking for an answer to the question of what the policy in ancient Greece.Therefore, a closer look at the political system of Sparta.
Polity
citizens lived under the laws of Sparta, who, according to legend, introduced the wise Lycurgus.The leading role in the management of the Spartan state played a council of elders.The decision of the council of elders claimed the national assembly.Participation in it took only citizen-soldiers, who have reached 30 years.
Lycurgus made sure that all citizens have equal rights of Sparta that was not among them whether poor or rich.Spartan family got into the possession of the same land, they could not sell or give, as all land in Sparta was considered state property.
Spartans were forbidden to engage in trade, commerce, their only occupation was military.Weapons and handicrafts produced for them perieki.Allotment Spartan helots treated.The Spartans could not sell, fire or kill helot - family helots, as the land belonged to the state.
Gen. Spartans
analyzing the question of what the policy in ancient Greece, briefly tell about the life of the Spartans.
Spartans were brave, hardy warriors.They wore rough clothes, lived in the same one-story wooden houses.There have been some form of hairstyles, beards and mustaches.During the construction it was allowed to use the ax, and only in the manufacture of doors - saw.With 16 years of age and up to the Spartan was obliged to serve in the army.In 30 years, he was considered an adult and had the right to receive the land and marry.
So lived and evolved State policies of ancient Greece.
