adverb - is one of those (independent) parts of speech that serves to describe the properties (or sign, as it is called in grammar) object, action or other characteristics (ie, trait).
Features
If the adverb is adjacent to a verb or a gerund, it describes the action property.If it is used with an adjective or participle, that characterizes the property attribute, and if the adverb is combined with a noun, it refers to the subject property.
«How, when, where and why?How and where?Why, how and how much? "- These are the questions that are answered by an adverb.
It is not possible to change the grammatical form, so it is interpreted as an immutable part of the speech.The adverb has two morphological characteristics - forming groups associated with different, and in some cases have a degree of comparison.
Groups
values There are six main groups of words, semantic adverbs.
- adverbs, to which you can ask questions "how?how? "is the word of action.They describe how the way in which the action takes place and manner.Examples: talking (how?) Friendly;go (how?) riding;refusing (how?) flatly.
- Word, answer the question "when?how long?until when?how long? ", belong to the group of time adverbs.They point to the time of the action. Examples: leaving (when?) Tomorrow;walks (until when?) late;There is (since when?) long.
- To place adverbs include words, answer the question "where?where?where?".They describe exactly where the action is. Examples: move (where?) In advance;back (from where?) from afar;flows (where?) below.
- the question "Why?" Adverbs answer the cause.They point to the cause of an action. Examples: stumbled on a corner (why?) Blindly;shouted (why?) temper.
- the question "why?" Respond with the value of the target dialect.They describe what the purpose for which the action takes place. Examples: lost (why?) Intentionally;poured water (to what purpose?) to spite me.
- Rank adverbs with the value of the degree and measure expresses to what extent it is manifested process.And these questions have the same dialect - "to what extent?how much?In what time?to what extent? ". Examples: I said (to what extent?) Too arrogant;heard (how much?) a lot of news;I ate (to what extent?) fill.
Degrees of comparison
Adverbs can be formed from different parts of speech.Those of them that are derived from qualitative adjectives, there are degrees of comparison.
- comparative degree is, in turn, is a simple, when its shape is formed suffixed way, and the composite when the adverb in the comparative degree is formed by using the words "less than" or "more".Here are some examples:
- a simple form: slow - slower bright - brighter thin - thinner, and so on. Etc .;
- component form: loud - a loud, solemn - at least officially.
- Superlative quality of adverbs is formed by connecting the token to a neutral word "most" and "least", for example: "This performance demonstrates the most successful of my speaking skills."
- In some cases, the superlative is obtained by combining the comparative degree with the pronoun "all", "all", for example: "I jumped above all.""Most of all he loved the music of Beethoven."
- Some adverb superlative and comparative degree have a different root: much - more - more than anyone else;bad - worse - the worst, and others.
syntactic role
adverb - a linguistic category, performing in the role of a minor member of the sentence - the circumstances.Less often, it serves as a definition or the nominal part of the predicate.Consider these cases.
- «Anne ascended the stairs (how?) Triumphantly."The proposal adverb - this circumstance.
- «We were served eggs (what?) And boiled meat (what?) In French."In this case, carry out the mission of determining the adverbs (inconsistent).
- «Your gift (did?) Came by the way."In this case the adverb - this is part of the predicate.The verb without it there can be seen here as a full verb.
Spelling adverbs
Which letter in a particular case must end with an adverb?How not to make a mistake with her choice?There is an algorithm.
- Select prefix in the word.
- If we have the prefix eg, pro-, B, at the end of words to write the letter . (Examples: a nut screwed tightly; come home before dark, turn left.)
- If the adverb begins with the prefix Therefore , at the end of the word to write have become .
- (Examples: the morning birds sing, come a little by little.)
- If this prefix c, pre, iz , at the end of a word and write the letter . (I sit on the right; wash you clean the window, occasionally re-read the book.) There are exceptions: Smal, in his youth, blindly .
However, we must remember that if the adverb is derived from the noun or adjective, which is already a part of a word, this set-top box, then at the end of the adverb will write a letter .Example: take the exam early (adverb from an adjective early).
At the end, after sizzling in dialect we write the soft sign: completely covered with clouds;He raced at a gallop;go away away.Exceptions are only in the word "unbearable" and the word "marriage" - are sizzling remain soft sign.
hyphen and adverb
What will help determine whether or not it is necessary to write the word with a hyphen?Remember this rule: write hyphenated words
- descended from pronouns and adjectives with prefix Therefore and suffixes - him -omu-and . Examples would be in my opinion;disperse kindness;speak in my own way.
- descended from numerals with consoles B (water) and suffix -s, -their : first, third.
- emerged through participation prefixes or suffixes koe -What -nibud,-or . Examples: Something there for you;someone asked you;someday you will remember;where if anything happens on fire.
- By adding the value of similar or repeated words: happened a long time ago;barely move.
In conclusion
color and expressive Russian.Adverb plays a co-star, providing our speech expressive and juicy details.The adverb is fraught with many secrets and, according to linguists, is still in development.
