composition of the deep layers of the Earth continues to be one of the most intriguing questions of modern science, and yet in the early twentieth century, seismologists Beno Gutenberg and H. Jefferson has developed a model of the internal structure of the planet, according to which the Earth is made up of the following layers:
- the core;
- gown;
- the crust.
modern view of the internal structure of the planet
In the middle of the last century, based on the latest at the time seismological data, scientists have come to the conclusion that the underlying membrane are more complex device.At the same time, seismologists found that the core of the Earth is divided into internal and external, and the mantle is composed of two layers: the top and bottom.
outer shell of the earth
crust - it's not just the top, the most delicate, but also the most well-studied of all the layers of the earth's surface.Its thickness (power) reached a peak under the mountains (about 70 km) and the minimum - under the waters of the world ocean (5-10 km), the average thickness of the crust beneath the plains range from 35 to 40 km.The transition from the earth's crust to the mantle is called the overseas Mohorovicha or Moho.
is also worth noting that the crust together with the upper part of the mantle form the stone shell of the Earth - the lithosphere whose thickness varies from 50 to 200 km.
Following the lithosphere is the asthenosphere - softened liquid layer with a higher viscosity.In addition to that, this particular component of the earth's surface is called the source of volcanic activity, since it are pockets of magma pouring into the crust and on the surface.
In science, decided to allocate several types of the earth's crust
continental mainland or distributed within the boundaries of continental shelves and consists of basalt, granite and sedimentary layers geysovogo.Go geysovogo granite-basalt layer called Conrad discontinuity.
Ocean and consists of three parts: the heavy basalt, formation of basaltic lavas and sedimentary rocks and thick layer of loose sediment.
Submaterikovaya bark - a transitional type, located on the periphery of the inner and marginal seas, as well as under the island arcs.
sub-oceanic crust is similar in structure to the ocean, is particularly well developed in the territory of deep portions of the seas and at great depths oceanic trenches.
Median Geosphere
gown is about 83% of the total volume of the planet, it's geosphere, from all sides surrounding the inner core. , in turn, is divided into two layers: solid (crystalline) and soft (magma).
deep layer of the planet Earth
Earth's core is the layer of the Earth's little known.Reliable information about him is very small, with full confidence we can say is that its diameter is about 7000 kilometers.It is believed that the composition of the earth's core includes an alloy of nickel and iron.It should also be noted that the outer core has a greater thickness planet and stored in liquid state, while the internal - slimmer and firmer consistency.From the core of the Earth's mantle separates the so-called border Gutenberg.
