What is an autonomous republic?Once you read this article, then, we have asked this question.So, we shall understand to begin with a definition.Autonomous Republic - a form of state autonomy in some countries, and the political organization of the population living on the territory of any autonomy.This concept originated in the Russian Federation, where the legal status of the AR was determined the specific provisions of the autonomous republic, and after the adoption of the "Stalin Constitution" (USSR Constitution of 1936) and at all stuck in all the major regulations of the country.In the past, the Russian Federation, there were sixteen autonomous republics.In our time, the status of Azerbaijan, member of the Russian Federation has the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (AKP).
autonomous republic
Autonomous Republic is characterized by the state-legal characteristics.
- territory and the right of territorial rule (without the consent of the Autonomous Republic could not be changed area).
- Citizenship (every citizen is a citizen of the RSFSR and the USSR).
- Constitution (the Constitution of the RSFSR was the demand that the constitution SSR considered the peculiarities of the autonomous republic).
- Top government authorities: the government, the highest judicial body, the public prosecutor.
- national statehood:
- public authorities are made up of local people, that is people who know the language and customs of the area;
- work is being done as an official language and the language of the people of this country;
- own national symbols: the coat of arms, flag, anthem and the capital (in the USSR anthem was one).
6. Guarantees:
- special order of formation;
- representation in senior government authorities;
- special warranty null and void acts which publishes government.
were times
Earlier, in Soviet times, in the territory of the RSFSR was 16 autonomous Soviet socialist republics: Bashkir, Yakut, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Republic, Kalmyk, Karelian, Chuvash, Mari, North Ossetia, Tuva, ChechenoIngush, Tatar, Komi Republic, Buryat, Udmurtia, Mordovia.All these Russian autonomous republics.
Consider a few of the above autonomous republics of the time, and with them the current Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
Bashkir ASSR
Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was part of the RSFSR.It was formed after the signing of an agreement between the Soviet authorities and the Bashkir Government in March 1919.She became the first Autonomous Republic, located in the RSFSR.This is the only autonomous republic, which was established on the basis of contractual relations.In 1990, October 11, signed a declaration on the state sovereignty of the very Bashkir SSR (now - Republic of Bashkortostan).
Karelian ASSR
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted a constitution of the USSR in December 1936 and received the name of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.In June 1937 the Constitution was adopted KASSR and inscriptions emblem and flag are made in 3 languages: Russian, Finnish and Karelian.Kandalaksha area was transferred in the Murmansk region in 1938, in May.Reorganized the Republic of Karelia in May 1991.
Mari ASSR
Mari ASSR (Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) was formed in 1936, December 5.December 22, 1991 transformed into Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR).
Chuvash Autonomous
Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), formerly Chuvash Autonomous Oblast.Later, with time, to be exact, in April 1925, it acquired the status of an autonomous republic.After a long time, in February 1992, it was renamed from the Chuvash SSR in the Chuvash Republic.
Yakut ASSR
Yakut ASSR (Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) lasted from 1922 to 1991.During World War II more than 49 000 citizens of this Autonomous fought at the front, and some of them were awarded the title of the great - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.Today, the Yakut ASSR gone, but changed little while, this whole area was transformed into the Republic of Sakha.It is situated within the Russian Federation and is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Like other autonomous republics of Russia, Crimea, too, has its own history and personality.The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formerly part of the RSFSR.Education it happened in 1921, on October 18 and 25 June 1946 the autonomy was abolished and renamed Crimea Crimea region.
- 1948 - Sevastopol received the status of republican subordination of the RSFSR.
- In 1954, April 26, Crimea region is translated into the Ukrainian SSR.
- 1991 - restored Crimean Autonomous Republic on the results of the referendum.
- In 1992, on February 26, it was renamed the Republic of Crimea.
- 1992 (5 May) - The Supreme Council of Crimea takes the act of a sovereign state of the Republic of Crimea.
- 1992 (May 6) - adopted Constitution of the Republic of Crimea.
- 1993 (14 June) - introduced as president of the ARC.
- 4 February 1994 was elected the first president, it was Yuri A. Meshkov.
Ukraine against
Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea with the Constitution of Ukraine, it took in 1998, 21 October.During the Crimean crisis (February - March 2014) proclaimed the independence of Crimea.After the referendum in the Crimea together with Sevastopol became part of the great Russian Federation.
To this day Ukraine does not recognize the occurrence of the Crimea in the Russian Federation and considers the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as occupied.However, the majority of the Crimean peninsula is considered that they are not Ukrainians, namely the Russian people.Even earlier studies have shown that the Ukrainian language is native only to a small proportion of the population (10% of people), 77% reported that their native Russian language only, well, the rest of the Crimean Tatar chosen (13% men).But despite the fact that some residents of different native languages, 97% of the population of Crimea are used for communication is a Russian-language speech.
autonomous republics and district after the collapse of the Soviet Union
With time everything changes, including the state, the Soviet Union was no exception.After the collapse of the USSR the autonomous republic - this is only a story, they ceased to exist as such (except for - the ARC) in the new state.Nowadays, there are autonomous republics in Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) and Georgia (Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara).How autonomous republics in Russia?Not at all, they were in the Soviet Union, but the autonomous districts - four: Khanty-Mansi, Chukchi, Yamal-Nenets and Nenets.
Autonomous Okrug (AO)
Though autonomous republic - this is only a story, however, it has not been forgotten.In place of the republics came autonomous regions.Autonomous District is one of six types of subjects of the Russian Federation, formed by national territorial basis.This status is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other regulations, which was adopted by the legislative and executive bodies.
Autonomous Okrug - equal subjects of the Russian Federation and is characterized by such features as:
- own legislation (regulations and other NPA);
- own territory (which can not be changed without the consent of the subject) and the population;
- autonomy in matters that relate to the conduct of the subjects of the Russian Federation (only within the powers of JSC);
- opportunity to participate in international and foreign economic relations, the county has a right to enter into agreements (including trade), both at the federal and international level.
AO If unable to resolve any relationship with the edges or the areas to which it is included, then it has the right to conclude an agreement under which the incident is resolved.
Nenets Autonomous
Nenets Autonomous District - is another subject of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Arkhangelsk region (on the basis of the Charter of the Arkhangelsk region).It refers to the Northwestern Federal District.Considered the most sparsely populated Russian regions.Administrative capital - Naryan-Mar, a town with a population of 22,912 people.The District was formed in 1929.In the west it borders on the Arkhangelsk region in the east adjacent to the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.
Yugra
subjects of the Russian Federation is the Yugra (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area).On the basis of the Charter of the Tyumen region, Yugra - is part of the Tyumen region, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - equal subjects of Russia.He refers to the Urals Federal District, and was formed in 1930.Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - is an economically self-sufficient region donor.
Khanty-Mansiysk is the administrative center of the district.
Chukotka Autonomous District
It is located close to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Kamchatka Krai and Magadan region bordered by, and in the east - with the United States.The whole territory of the district - a district of the Far North.Administrative capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - Anadyr.
Yamalo-Nenets
It is part of the Tyumen region (according to its statutes), but - equal subjects of the Russian Federation.This district was formed in 1930.Its administrative center - the city of Salekhard.Yamalo-Nenets borders the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yugra (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area), the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Komi.Interesting fact: in 2011 in the joint-stock company produced 7.1% of all the oil in the country.
Conclusion
The main difference between the autonomous region (republic) of the autonomous region lies in the fact that the region although it has its own constitution, but it may not include part of other subjects, as well as to include them in yourself.This article ends here, and we want to believe that, after reading it, you will learn the answers to their questions and understand that the autonomous region and the autonomous republic - it's not the same thing.
