Since ancient times, on the banks of the Yauza, on the outskirts of Moscow, people settled alien alien faith seekers in the country Rusyns fame and money.Orthodox Nemchinov called them, and the place - German settlement.
young Tsar Peter, an adherent of the European way of life, happy to have been in settlement.Soon, he had a real friend and ally - Swiss Lefort.He had a great influence on the formation of thoughts and purposes of Peter, and therefore the whole of the Russian state.His name is still called the area that housed the German settlement.
Franz Lefort is buried with honors at the top of Vvedensky mountains.Terrible epitaph on the monument inspired fear, and eventually it was destroyed, and the ashes reburied at the cemetery of Vedeno.
History of the graveyard
Even Peter I tried to ban the burial near the temples, which in those days was accepted.His daughter Elizabeth during the reign also ordered to transfer the cemetery, which could meet her on the way.
final point put Catherine II and the plague, which brought together a rich harvest in Moscow in 1771.
outside the city, near the mountains of Vvedensky now Lefortovo hill on the banks of the river titmouse took land for German (heterodox) cemetery.Initially it was planned to bury the Lutherans, Catholics, Anglicans.
gradually expanded the territory of the ravine and the river.The earth wall replaced the stone wall.Expanded entrance from the street of cash and opened a second opposite side of the shaft at the hospital.
In the XIX century began to appear the burial of people of other faiths.It was otherwise called, and the cemetery - Vvedenskoe.
In the middle of the XX century, the territory once again increased.At the same time there was a wall of the columbarium.
history
Vvedenskoe graves cemetery there are more than two centuries, and thus have long been turned into an outdoor museum.
The names on the graves you can learn about those who have made some contribution to the development of the country, has strengthened its glory and power.
What burials from different denominations has left a tangible mark on the architecture of the tombs.Monuments, cemeteries and chapels are striking examples of Classicism, Gothic, Empire style.Many of them are created by great masters.
Unfortunately, tombstones on the graves before the beginning of the XIX century almost did not survive.
Churches and chapels
Once on site there are 2 Lutheran Church and 14 hours.By the end of the XIX century North entrance decorated general chapel with a belfry to the funeral.Rode architect designed it in the Byzantine style, thereby emphasizing the original unity of all European religions.
the beginning of XX century there was a large Gothic chapel, decorated in Art Nouveau details.After the revolution it housed administrative offices.After 70 years, the building was returned to the bosom of the church was restored and rededicated.Now it conducted the service in Russian and Finnish.
Cemetery Vvedenskoe remarkable fact that there are the graves of prominent church leaders.After the revolution, during the persecution of the clergy, in the territory of the necropolis starting to bury the Orthodox priests.Prior to World War II, these graves were protected by the Lutheran community in Moscow.
Tomb "Chrysostom Orthodox" Metropolitan Tryphon visited Patriarch Alexy II and held a prayer service.
Because of severe illness avoid reprisals Archpriest Alexei Myachev.The ban of the authorities to communicate with the faithful much shortened his life.He was buried next to his wife at the German cemetery.In 2000, he canonized.Newfound power transferred to the church of St. Nicholas in Moscow.
long remained deserted tomb of Father Zosima.There is a story about a beggar blessed Tamara, who lived in a cemetery and collecting alms.On the money collected it has cleared and partially restored chapel Erlanger family.She tidied the grave of an old man, and helped build a small chapel made of metal on it.
Because of this selfless woman can come to worship to Zosima and ask for advice in family matters, assistance in the selection of the second half.
architectural heritage, historical tombs and cemeteries
old European graveyards more like gallery, which presents many examples of trends in art.No exception in this cemetery Vvedenskoe.Many well-known sculptors and architects had a hand in the production of the crypts, chapels, tombs.
about ancient tomb Boray still legendary.Until the end of World War II was the arch of the famous statue of Christ Romanelli.During the rain with his hands dripping savior, this water is considered holy, the ability to cure ailments.
pilgrimage to the statue was incompatible with the ideology of the country at that time, the statue was removed.Now she is in the territory of the Seminary in Sergiev Posad.
The interior of the chapel is decorated with family Erlanger panels, made from sketches Petrov-Vodkin.In this chapel bring a note asking, here are doing a prayer to the Lord, light the candles.No one remembers when it began to attract the Orthodox Christians.
on the main avenue are many different styles of tombstones dating from the first half of the XIX century.A striking example of Gothic architecture is the tomb of the hero of the War of 1812 General Count Pahlen.
well preserved to this day the crypt Musin-Pushkin, executed in the style of the Empire.The once white walls darkened by time, overgrown with moss, but still retain their silent greatness.
Since the mid-nineteenth century granite monuments preserved black and red.Empire at the cemetery is presented in the form of truncated columns, stelae, boulders.
Since the beginning of 1900 in Tombstone symbolism used professional affiliation.At the grave Meyen - a monument in the form of details related to the railway business.At aviator Bukin monument crowned by a propeller.
Charms Prishvina tomb of the writer.Konenkov sculptor carved the legendary phoenix, to it with their wings to protect the peace of the great masters of the description of nature.
military and mass graves
Cemetery Vvedenskoe can boast that his land is in European countries.This is a small place surrounded by a chain that is attached to the dug-in guns, it is a mass grave of French soldiers.They died in Moscow and its surroundings during the War of 1812.
tombstone on the grave of the former pilots of the regiment "Normandy-Niemen" simply and succinctly.Dust transported to their homeland, and tombstone stands as a tribute to friendship and unity of the people in a terrible war.
granite obelisk in the mass graves reminiscent of the unprecedented feat of the Soviet soldiers who were killed on the outskirts of the capital.
graves of famous people
What can be proud Vvedenskoe cemetery - the graves of celebrities.It found its final resting place Heroes of war and labor, politicians, historians, military, people in the arts, sports and literature.
Perhaps the most revered place - the grave of the "holy doctor" Haas.He spent all his life and the means to implement the evangelical expression "Hasten to do good."All of the major attributes of its activity embodied in the tomb.Heavy boulder - a symbol of excessive burden placed on the prison doctor, the cross, which he carried with honor to the last days.Shackles - an achievement to be proud of.
Few people know that the restaurant "Hermitage" in Moscow organized a garden Neskuchny Lucien Olivier.It pays homage to the salad more than one generation of Russians for the New Year table.His grave can be found in the 12th section of the cemetery.
Sytin Publishers grateful young poets and writers of the early XX century.Bow to this man on behalf of all those he has made recognizable and famous, it can be at the 14th site.
bright personality unmatched commentator Nikolai Ozerov rests on the 21-m area.
recently found its final resting place on the 6th section joker satirist Arkady Arcana.
wishing to pay their last respects favorite actors must visit Vvedenskoye Cemetery.The graves of celebrities can be found easily on the signs.Here are just a few names:
- bright and wonderful opera diva Maria Maksakova;
- the best grandmother in the world Tatiana Peltzer;
- landlady Baker Street Rina Green;
- Laughs and songstress of "Girls" Lucien Ovchinnikov;
- creator of the immortal "Pokrovsky Gates" Mikhail Kazakov;
- actress with 70 years of experience, excellent Lydia Smirnova.
This list is very long.
Plan cemetery
Initially the territory of the cemetery was divided by denominations.In two areas allotted Lutherans and Catholics.One - Anglicans and Lutherans reformers.Each site also has been attributed to a particular parish.
Vvedenskoe modern cemetery is divided into numbered sections for better orientation and search for a burial.A total of thirty.Along the perimeter of the fence located along the wall for burial urns with ashes.
located on the territory of the administration, the office of funeral services, production services, the church for the funeral service.
How to get there?
Located in the city that allows you wishing to easily find and visit Vvedenskoye Cemetery.
How to get to the metro, "Bauman"?Unfortunately, the station is currently closed, and the way to public transport is not very convenient, since there is no direct route.But hikers will be pleasant and informative walk.The road will take about 40 minutes and take pleasure.
more convenient way - by Metro "Electrozavodskaya" bus route 59 or route taxi 636. Go about 30 minutes to the stop "Museum" Lefortovo ".
Fastest route - from the metro stations "Semenovskaya" and "Aviamotornaja."Take the tram №№ 32, 43, 46 and 25 minutes to get out at the stop "Vvedenskoe cemetery."How to get there and what transport to use - it depends on personal preference and the starting point.
Location and time
Mailing address: Vvedenskoye Cemetery, Moscow, street Cash, 1.
necropolis open to visitors:
- October-April - from 9.00 to 17.00;
- May-September - from 9.00 to 19.00.
According to unconfirmed reports, professional photography with a tripod and video prohibited.Security zealously monitors the behavior of visitors.
It is possible to organize a tour for a group or individually.For two hours, you can see and learn a lot about the history of the place and the people, who found here the last refuge.
