MAZ 537 "Hurricane" - a heavy four-wheel trucks type military.Produced at the Minsk Automobile Plant from 1959 to 1965.Since 1963, it issued on KZKT, Kurgan plant of wheeled tractors.Carrying capacity up to 50 tons on the type of trailers CHMZAP-5247G.
device MAZ 537 tractor
design is quite simple, and therefore reliable.Cab MAZ 537 photos that were initially unavailable due to military secrecy, four, two-door, metal, equipped with an auxiliary heater.The engine is located behind the cab in the engine-transmission compartment located below the transfer case, transferring eight independent rotation axis.At the rear of the loading platform is the fifth wheel.Some modifications of the machine equipped with a winch.The tractor moves on eight wheels, the front four are pivoting.Tubeless tires are equipped with pumping in case of a puncture, the mechanism of compensation of pressure loss.MAZ 537 "Hurricane" whose specifications are talking about power and reliability, is a good example of the achievements of military technology.
Powerplant
-speed diesel engine D-12A-525a, adapted to the fuel GOST 4749-73.Power 525 hpat 2100 rev / min.Cylinders - volume of 38,880 cubic meters / cm, the number 12, the location of the V-shaped.Diameter - 150 mm, the compression ratio is 14.5.
Motor equipped with starting preheater.
Cooling - forced circulation of coolant.
Transmission - a three-stage, with hydro-mechanical switching.
Dimensions Length - 8960 mm, height - 2880 mm, width 2885 mm.Wheelbase - the first and second axes 1700 mm, between the second and third 2650 mm, between the third and fourth 1700 mm.
Track - 2200 mm for all bridges.Ground clearance (clearance) - 500 mm.
Weight - 21.6 tons.
Modifications
- MAZ 537A - Tractor-board, capable of carrying 15 tons in the back, 65 tons of total weight of the trailer on the highway, or 30 tonnes of dirt road.
- MAZ 537D - generator set is equipped with AC.
- MAZ 537G - equipped with a winch.
- 537K MAZ - truck, designed for transporting long crane equipment.
- MAZ 537L - for towing aircraft, equipped with a compact metal body.
project to create a powerful new tractor
In the early 50-ies of the 20th century in the Soviet Union there was a need for powerful new vehicles for the military.Missiles, heavy armored vehicles on tracks, fortifications excavators and other equipment needed to transport both the near and long distance.Especially hard it was given the relocation of military units, which are held regularly.Up to half a year was spent on travel by rail and small trucks.
Designing universal tractor started in the autumn of 1954 and the summer of 1956 were ready prototypes.Lengthy four-wheel drive chassis became a base for several modifications military truck towing.The machine features are designed for long-distance travel with a velocity of 40 - 50 km / h.The capacity of the truck lacked transportation platform intercontinental ballistic missile.However, the trailer could only follow the road paved and only on flat terrain.Overcome even a small rise did not, because the trailer does not have inertia.
Application
Tractor MAZ 537 "Hurricane", the technical characteristics of which testified to his reliability, has been widely used in the regular army for transporting a variety of long-range combat systems.However, lengthy towing platforms has been hampered due to excessive removal of the coupling.Articulated not fit into corners, maneuverability was limited.
each transfer to another place of deployment represented the military daunting task trailer often had to stop by complex manipulations leveling course is followed.The difficulty arises because of the narrow roadway.In the post-war Soviet Union, all the roads were very narrow, vehicles moving in a row, in both directions.Danger to move down in the ditch was a minute.Heavy truck is fully occupied the strip and went to the counter.From the civilian population fell complaint, but the situation has not changed.
In the end, the military began to warn of the impending transport missiles in advance.Notice of the impending transfer received traffic police and road services.Police block off traffic on the road, in the range of 25-30 kilometers, tractor trailer occupied the entire width of the roadway and driving safely cleared area to the next post.Then overlap the next stage.
Two years later, the design office of the Minsk Automobile Plant has started to develop saddle tractor version with index MAZ 535V.The body was abolished in its place installed coupling with automatic lock-clamp and two degrees of radial rotation.Vertical load on the rear of the tractor when it increased sharply, the designers had to revise the parameters of the rear suspension.We stopped at the bridges with planetary gear and differential.Thus, the rear axle have assumed most of the load.
MAZ 537
last option truck tractor has a more perfect system of power and cooling of the engine.They were reinforced flanges driveshafts transfer case.The need for this was dictated by frequent breakdowns, when the loaded truck could not overcome blurred by rain of the road and the engine torque tore cardan joints.
Create family heavy tank trucks MAZ 537, the characteristics of which repeats the basic parameters of the models MAZ 535 and MAZ 536, marked the beginning of a new era of trains class with high load rating.There was a powerful incentive to develop more sophisticated heavy semi-trailers and trailers for the transportation of multi-ton indivisible loads.
need to move massive structures has always existed.Abroad train appeared much earlier than in the USSR, and this accelerated the development of Soviet heavier vehicles, as no one wanted to keep up with advanced technology.To begin with engineering offices in the automotive industry developed a truck ZIS-10 with the fifth wheel on the basis of the well-known truck ZIS-5.Carrying capacity of the new machine was only 6 tons.It was released a small amount of tugs, widely ZIS-10 has not received.
Foreign counterparts
In the late 30-ies Avtotransportnik met with two heavy foreign production trains, tractors Daimond T-980 and REO 28XS, passed in the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease.Foreign tugs working in tandem with three-axle semi-trailers Roden Trailer, lifting capacity was 45 tons.The machines were equipped with winches and transported armored vehicles.
While in the Soviet Union, tanks and other heavy military vehicles moved solely on their own, or they were transported on railway platforms.Both the method is irrational, but no alternative was not there.
postwar period after the Second World War in the Soviet Union obsessed with the development of domestic heavy trucks for the army and developing the national economy.In 1951, the plant in Yaroslavl mastered the production of three-axle car YAZ-210g with a platform and a powerful winch.Large-scale production of these machines could not establish, and, moreover, tractors could not go on the road, especially during the rainy season and spring thaw.
Thus, the task of creating heavy vehicles still require solutions, especially as the country's rapid industrial development was unfolding, and were born in the military strategic missiles, which was necessary mobility.Armored troops also needed a reliable heavy-duty tractors.
Design Bureau
USSR Council of Ministers in June 1954, adopted a resolution on the establishment of SKB (special design bureau) for the development of very powerful tractors for military purposes with the possibility of modifications in the civil industrial variant.It immediately became clear that existing at the time of factory technology and equipment in the automotive industry will not be enough.
had to begin with the machinery equipment, purchased abroad advanced equipment and create new technologies.At the Minsk Automobile Plant it was organized by prominent SKB MAZ, under the leadership of Boris L. Shaposhnikov.Before the experts tasked to design and launch production of heavy wheeled tractor.So there was a tug MAZ 535, which will soon turn into a MAZ 537 model with a few modifications.
production
Initially, funds allocated to the development of supercar were insufficient, because this machine can not be cheap.After adjusting the financial support of the project work started.We were taken innovative solutions that have never been used in the domestic automotive industry.It was necessary to take into account the special conditions of use of heavy tractors, adapting units to a range of temperatures from plus 50 to minus 50 degrees, horizontal permeability and many other parameters.
Heavy truck tractor MAZ 537 began to mass-produce in 1965.The car is intended for towing of trailers and semi-trailers weighing up to 40 tons.From the basic version of 537-I model differed shifted back (345 mm) of the fifth wheel mechanism and reinforced rear suspension.MAZ 537 was in a constant restyling.In the production process were extended function transfer box is installed on the rotation transmitting drive generator.Load the car increased significantly and amounted to 68 tons.
parallel with heavy truck tractors are designed and produced in limited series flatbed trucks to move cargo up to 22 tons on the highway.The body of the car is not equipped with seats, had arcs and an awning was used solely for the transportation of goods.Under the body was placed winch for self, in case the truck gets stuck.
Modernization
After a while MAZ 537 modernized military, and the car was assigned the code "P".Specifications remain unchanged, but the winch was abolished, and the body is converted to transport troops.Along the sides of folding benches and set the longitudinal arc tent that adjusted in height - in the lower position awning covered load in the upper position served as protection from the rain and snow for people.In accordance with its intended purpose tractor MAZ 537P could tow the platform to missile systems.
Operation wheeled tractors require service specialists, skilled drivers and the corresponding material base.Therefore, in 70 years of specialized enterprises have been formed by the central carriage of oversized and heavy cargo.Combining "Spetstyazhavtotrans" transports oversized cargo, while developing optimal routes.With trucks "MAZ 537" transported marble blocks weighing 300 tonnes, for the construction of a monument to VILenin in Leningrad.For this unique transport operation should be the whole country.
Widely used trucks "MAZ 537" in the north, which was carried out laying oil and gas pipelines.Unpretentious car worked well in cold climates.Especially for carrying long gazoprovodyaschih joints was created trubopletevoz PV-481-based tug "MAZ 537".Also, to work in northern conditions created prototypes of fire trucks, mobile technical points, ATVs ambulance.However, mass production of test specimens have been received.
In 1991, the Kurgan plant of wheeled tractors began serial production of heavy semitrailer KZKT-9101, load capacity of 54 tons for the tow MAZ 537 whose specifications match the data of the semitrailer.The combination of the components proved to be successful, the buyers were able to purchase a single order once and truck and trailer.
Over the years, the production of MAZ 537 tugs, photos are presented on the page, gradually become obsolete, both morally and technically.The machine has exhausted itself, the potential for further development dried up.They began to show previously hidden flaws, a lot of criticism causes low service life of the power plant.Operation of the truck has been associated with frequent interruptions for repair, army MAZ 537 in transport tanks and other armored vehicles could not accommodate the crew, who had to follow separately.For this we have to attract additional cars.
In the end, based on the 537-th model was a new tractor KZKT-7428, which is fully responsive to the challenges of combat tracked vehicles transportation.Currently, a family of high-power wheeled tractors successfully solves all the problems of transportation of heavy military equipment, as well as large-sized industrial civil construction.
