Every year in our country is increasing relevance of environmental solutions for localization and liquidation of oil pollution, acids, alkalis and other hazardous liquids.This is for several reasons: deterioration of communications, human factors, technological and natural emergencies.In this connection takes the tightening of environmental standards, increased penalties.Change the policy for the protection of the environment most businesses.Requires the introduction of advanced environmental technologies.
At present, domestic and foreign practice more and more attention is paid not to the individual technical facilities and effective, mobile, easy to use complexes, which are based sorbents, collecting funds in the form of booms, mats, pillows, napkins and other non-woven, biologics.Such complexes are usually formed in accordance with the requirements of the customer based on its needs.They are unique in that they can be formed under the hazardous spill any fluid (oil, any other organic fluids, acids, alkalis, mercury etc.) To the water body or scale all kinds of soil.
by themselves components of these complexes are the modern means having the properties to absorb, absorb, decompose the hazardous liquid spilled on the surface of the water, soil or contained in waste, storm waters.They may be purchased and used individually, if necessary.
sorbents. now talk in detail about what it is and what are the mechanisms of action of these physical-chemical means to combat pollution, no need: any expert who in practice have to deal with at least a probability of spills of liquids, familiar with these tools.It is known that they differ in origin, dispersion, the nature of the absorption process, the nature of water wetting.In practice, using inorganic and organic sorbents having both natural synthetic origin.Their main property to which you should pay attention when choosing - sorption capacity, defined as the amount of spilled liquid absorbing units sorbent.In addition, as criteria can be considered such properties as harmless, buoyancy, and the complexity of application, of course, cost.Of great importance in the selection of a selective capacity, iewhat specifically they can absorb the liquid: the more universal they are, the better.Be sure to pay attention to the following questions: Is it possible to regenerate the spent sorbent and re-use it, how it can be disposed of or destroyed, and how this process is environmentally safe (some spent sorbents is absolutely harmless natural origin can be left on the site of the spill).
sorbents can be used in individual form (sprinkle on the surface spills) and used for downloads in special devices (such as oil traps, filters, collecting pillows, mats, booms, etc.).
As an example, natural sorbents on the basis of mineral substances - perlite, expanded clay, vermiculite, expanded graphite, as well as plant-based - pine bark, sphagnum moss, peat and others.
are used as sorbentsand synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride, nylon, synthetic latexes, rubbers and rubber, polypropylene.It sorption properties of some synthetic material became the basis for the manufacture of these sorption pillows, mats, booms, napkins, ribbons, etc., suitable for spill containment and spill kits.
Biologicals. it is known that widely spread in nature microorganisms capable of degrading organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water and purified natural objects.Such microorganisms-destructors are now used for the elimination of water pollution, soil.This method involves the amplification of the microbial activity in the area of ​​contamination that can be achieved by creating optimum conditions.For example, when it comes to soil should support it optimal levels of temperature, moisture, aeration, pH, availability of biogenic elements - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.All
increasingly important new way to significantly speed up the decomposition of organic substances (oil, grease, oil, phenol, benzene, alcohol, etc.) by introducing special biodestruktorov.In recent years, this method is estimated to be the most promising because of efficiency, low cost, ease of use.Today, the fund is formed of microorganisms for the production of biological products intended for the treatment of natural objects from organic impurities.The criteria for choosing them are the ability to destroy a wide range of organic substances, maintaining the viability of micro-organisms during storage, high activity, the ability to grow in the wild, non-pathogenic.
greatest efficiency of biodegradation of organic pollutants now achieved by the simultaneous use of sorbents and microorganisms.For this purpose, the sorbent is immobilized bacterial strains-destructors.This method makes it possible to significantly increase the degree and rate of collection and degradation of organic pollutants.Some natural sorbents in its composition is initially biocomponents are capable of degrading, such as oil.As an example, sorbents of sphagnum moss containing in its structure humic acid oxidizing bacteria stimulate the activity of the local ecological community.Their feature is the possibility of application at low temperatures.The advantage of such biosorbents is that they are ecologically and fireproof, they can be left in place handling spills in full confidence that they will cope with moss soaked with liquid.
