Pyotr Krasnov - a rare and rather, it is worth noting the successful interweaving of rigid discipline of character, expressed in a bright military career, and creative nature, which enabled her to become a famous writer carrier.Devotion to military affairs as he understood it, led him into exile, where his literary talent blossomed.
defining story
Brief biography Peter Krasnov can be expressed in a few words - the nobility, military valor and courage, clear "white movement" and emigration, an erroneous assessment of the Nazis and death.But between these bloody milestones of the 20th century that carried the human life on all sides, which reshapes the whole states and peoples, each of the participants proceeded own life.And throughout the life of the twentieth century, it is strongly demanded that the person to make a choice.Pyotr Krasnov, make this choice once, he remained faithful to the end.
Family tree
nobleman Pyotr Krasnov, whose biography is full of bright events, was born in St. Petersburg in 1869, is a hereditary Don Cossack and belonged to the most famous Cossack family Vyoshenskaya village, which is located in the northern part of the Rostov region.Apart from hereditary talents for military drill, manifested in the family and literary talents.In old St. Petersburg Krasnovs pen became the first minister's grandfather Pyotr Nikolayevich - Ivan Ivanovich.He fought in the Caucasus and in command of the Cossack units of the Imperial Guard.Santa Krasnov wrote poetry, as well as historical and ethnographic works, such as "Grass-roots and riding Cossacks", "Little Russians in the Don", "Don Cossacks in the Caucasus" and others.
Father Nikolai was promoted to lieutenant-general in the Cossack troops.Not less famous were the third generation.Both brothers Pyotr Nikolayevich made history.Andrei was a famous scientist biologist-botanist and traveler.Platon Nikolaevich studied writing, was in indirect kinship with Alexander Blok - he was married to the aunt of the famous poet Catherine Beketova-Krasnova, and writer.
Years of study
At age 11, he entered the First Petersburg Gymnasium.Studied up to fifth grade, she went to military training in the Alexander Cadet Corps.The first stage of military education completed with the rank of vice-sergeant, in the 19 years he has successfully completed the first Pavlovsk military college.The results achieved were so brilliant that his name was entered in gold letters on a marble plaque.
known that he also entered the Academy of the General Staff, but because of poor progress was expelled after a year of study.Yet at age 39, he graduated from the school of cavalry officers.Home
military career
Military service Pyotr Krasnov began twenty years in the rank of cornet when he was seconded to the Ataman Regiment Tsarevich.A year later, he was enlisted in the regiment.In 1897, in Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) was sent the Russian diplomatic mission, the convoy which was headed by Pyotr Krasnov, whose biography is from now replete with various exotic places of the planet and unbelievable twists of fate.
A year later, made the difficult transition to a mule to the town in the northeast of Africa to deliver the paper, then at least complicated way to St. Petersburg.This march officer courted considerable fame and brought several awards: the Order of Stanislaus second degree, officer's cross of the Ethiopian star of the third degree and the Order of the Legion of Honor of France.
first attempt at writing
first their works Pyotr Krasnov began to publish at the age of 22 years.His fiction and materials on military theory began to appear regularly in newspapers and magazines.In particular, among the first of his works can be identified such books as "The lake", "Ataman Platov" and others.Devoted his life entirely military path, he and his works consistently raised military themes, talks about the life of the Don Cossacks.And, of course, much romanticized.
His exploits during the African trip also found a poetic art form.After his return, he immediately wrote two books: "The Cossacks in Africa: Diary chief convoy of Russian imperial mission in Abyssinia in 1897 - 1898gg." And "Love Abyssinian and other stories."
After returning from Africa, he married Lydia Fedorovna Grüneisen, daughter Russianised actual state councilor.
service in pre-revolutionary Russia
In addition to direct participation in hostilities, Pyotr Krasnov, a brief biography is set out here, he has repeatedly acted as a war correspondent.As such, he participated in the Boxer Rebellion in China, better known as the Boxer Rebellion, which took place from 1898 to 1901 years.Then he was sent to Manchuria, China, India and Japan to study the characteristics of their life.
He also documented the events of the Russian-Japanese conflict of 1904 - 1905gg.As a war has been awarded several marks of distinction: the Order of St. Anne of the fourth degree and St. Vladimir of the fourth degree.In the diary of Nicholas II found a record about him dated 3 January 1905, where the head of state describes how he and a lot of interesting talks about the war.He worked with the magazines "War invalid," "Scout" and others.
After the war, he quickly began to grow in the service.In 1906 he was promoted to commander of hundreds Ataman Regiment, a year later - of Captain, later - the troop sergeant.In 1910 he received the rank of colonel.A year later he was appointed to command the first Siberian and then Don Cossack Regiment.
quite actively developed in parallel and his literary career.Thus, in the Japanese War, he published the historical novel "The Year of War.14 months during the war: Essays on the Russian-Japanese War "and other works of the same style patriotic literature.In addition, he wrote and artistic things.It is worth noting that prior to the October Revolution, he produced more than 600 different works as a publicist, and artistic and historical.
World and Revolution
At the beginning of the war, he as the commander of the regiment was sent in August 1914 in East Prussia.And three months later he was promoted to the rank of major general and put in charge of the First Brigade of the Don Cossacks, then the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division.At the same time he was awarded the George weapons.In May 1915, he was awarded the Order of St. George the fourth degree of success of combat operations in the area of the Dniester River, where they were able to discard the Austrians back across the river.In 1916 he was seriously wounded.
spend all their time to the first revolution of February 1917 on the fronts of the war, the Cossack commander, General Krasnov Pyotr responded to the first coup ambiguous and negatively evaluate the actions of the Provisional Government.In politics, he was not involved.However, he was one of the few who supported Aleksandr Kerensky after the Bolshevik revolution.Once in the hands of the Bolsheviks, he fled to the Don, where he led the resistance to the Cossacks.As chieftain Grand Don Army, he formed an alliance with the German emperor Wilhelm II.However, the defeat of Germany forced him to abandon the idea of Don-Caucasus Union.He agreed to go to the complete subordination of Anton Denikin, to connect with his Volunteer Army.In 1919, Krasnov, Denikin forced to resign because of the ideological and political differences.
understand that in Russia it has nothing to hold off the Russian and stopped in Estonia in the North-Western Army General Nikolai Yudenich.He became head of the army newspaper "Neva region."Its editor was well-known in the Russian writer Alexander Kuprin.
Emigration
In 1920 he emigrated to Germany, three years later he moved to France.In those years, unfolding just the first wave of emigration.In different circles of the large number of officers who had emigrated she wore the name "White Russia", Pyotr Krasnov began active political and social activities.He has collaborated with various organizations relevant to the Russian emigration, including the Russian All-Military Union.In addition, he was a member of the Higher Council monarchy.He, in particular, acted as one of the founders of the "Brotherhood of Russian Truth".This movement led to Soviet Russia actively subversive activities.However, it later became clear that the structure was originally controlled by the State Political Directorate (GPU) of the NKVD.
One of the leaders of the White movement was considered Pyotr Krasnov, his books were quite popular and are published in English, French, German, Russian and other European languages.For more than twenty years in exile, he has published about 40 books.Among them are particularly fiction novel about the Russian Bolshevik future "Over the thistle."In addition, he published a novel, an autobiography in four parts titled "From the eagle to the red flag."
World War II
revenge Ataman Pyotr Krasnov decided during the Second World War and collaborated with the Nazis.In 1943 he was put in command the Main Department of Cossack Forces in Germany.After the war, he surrendered to the British, but they are his outstanding leadership of the Soviet army.The Supreme Court of the Soviet Russia sentenced him to death by hanging.He was 77 years old.
