border of Ukraine till 1917 is not just a stumbling block between the venerable professor of history, well-known politicians and cultural figures.The formation of the modern state dragged on for centuries, for which ancient cities and nations were replaced more than once or twice.
Parish Cimmerian
first people on the territory of the Ukrainian steel Cimmerians, who were mentioned in the reflection of the era - "Odyssey."
ancient nomads, spoke the same dialect of the Iranian language group, have visited in the Black Sea region in about the 9th century BC It is assumed that the wandering tribes of Cimmerians-kimmertsev of the Lower Volga region, and favorable climate has forced them to stay in the wild steppes of twohundreds of years.Historical border of Ukraine till 1917 were constantly changing, and it began nearly 3,000 years ago, and since then the area has repeatedly expanded, reduced, and took incredible shape.
Since the letter nomads did not know information about themselves they have left, except for archaeological sites so rare mentions in the chronicles of the chronicles of the time.Contemporaries had something to say about the terrible savages - most historians describe as the Kimmer ruthless and skillful warrior and customs of tribes led enlightened nations tremble.
Wild
Scythians Herodotus in his writings ruthlessly went through customs and social structure of the nomads and the colors described in the ruthless extermination of the Cimmerians Aboriginal chernolestsev.What was the border of Ukraine till 1917, we know, but it could run anywhere, if not superseded the steppe horsemen less developed forest dwellers.
However, the fate chernolestsev very quickly overtook the Cimmerian.They, in turn, failed to repulse the Scythians, who flew in the parking lot, plundered homes and herds of horses were taken away.
greatest flowering of the next wave of nomads (Scythians) achieved in the V-IV century BC.
first central bastion of culture in Ukraine - Great Scythia - described by Herodotus.The boundaries of Ukraine until 1917 from the time of the Scythians gained an extended form of a rectangle around the Northern Black Sea from the Danube River in the west to the eastern part of the Azov Sea.
from north Pripyat space is limited and the line that runs on modern Chernigov, Kursk and Voronezh touches.In the III century BC Scythians in the Black Sea steppes Sarmatians finally replaced.On the Black Sea plains tribes lasted about six centuries (until the first millennium BC. E.) Until they were driven away by the Goths and the Huns.Following their invasion of the territory of Ukraine is dominated by Slavic tribes Antes and related sklaviny.
border of Ukraine till 1917, I was a huge amount of time: a slower pace in the days of the nomads, and then change the shape of the territory began to occur with the cosmic speed.
sklaviny, Antes, venedy
About sklaviny writes frequently mentioned Gothic historian Jordan.According to him, the Slavs-sklaviny had a common ancestor, and they live in three Vendian tribes - venedy brave, strong Antes, their smaller brethren - sklaviny.But in the VII century French chronicler and historian Fredegar said that "the essence of sklaviny Wends."
Archaeologists often find antskie treasure consisting of gold and silver extracted during campaigns and raids on the nearby territory.Antes soldiers were armed with bows and arrows, shields, swords long as part of the standard equipment.Anta considered the most powerful Slavic tribes: they were soldiers-mercenaries in the Byzantine army.
prisoners were often used as slaves, selling them or take a ransom from the nearest neighbors were a kind of etiquette of the time.However, after some time the captured slave could become free and full member of the community.The main deity of the Ants - Perun - considered relatively accommodating.Bloodless sacrifice - the fundamental principle of belief;among the offerings on the altars of idols, archaeologists found only cooked food, herbs and jewelry.In the days of the Ants started the process of the birth of Kiev and Volyn, which again changed the borders of Ukraine.Until 1917, however, it was still far off.
origin of Kievan Rus
next milestone in the history of the modern state was Kievan Rus.The city became the cultural and social center of the vast territory, repeatedly rebuilt, burned and destroyed.The border of Ukraine until 1917 was changed with him - that cover the surrounding land, then narrowed to the suburbs of Kiev.
state around Kiev settlement emerged in the 9th century, when the distant tribes of the Eastern Slavs and Finno-Ugric groups united under the rule of Prince Rurik dynasty.History of Kyiv as an independent city-states begins with the capture of the capital Oleg, who brought Eastern Slavic tribes.
heyday State
Ukraine's borders before the 1917 revolution (somewhere at the end of the 10th century, during the heyday of Kievan Rus') was beyond the Dniester and in the upper reaches of the Vistula River to the west, covered the Taman Peninsula in the south-east and lost in the headwatersNorthern Dvina.Geography also helps to imagine the city of Kievan Rus and understand its territorial structure.The oldest settlements - Kiev, followed in lockstep were Chernihiv, ancient Pereyaslavl glorified Smolensk, promising Rostov, Novaya Ladoga, Pskov and fabulous new Polotsk.
reign of Prince Vladimir (960-1015 gg.) And Jaroslav (1019-1054.) Was the time of greatest prosperity of the state.Surprisingly, what was the Ukrainian border before the 1917 revolution!Expand the territory of extraordinary: from the Carpathians to the Baltic and the Black Sea region of steppes.
the middle of the 12th century in the powerful Kievan Rus began a dark era of feudal disunity, discord broke into dozens of separate principalities controlled by different branches of the Rurik.Beginning in 1132, the official start of intrafamily squabbles, when, after the death of Mstislav the Great, son of Vladimir Monomakh, Prince of Kiev authorities ceased to recognize Polotsk and Novgorod at the same time.Kiev is not officially considered the capital as much to the Mongol invasion (1237-1240 gg.).Whatever was the Ukrainian border before the 1917 revolution, if it were not the Troubles?Perhaps Kievan Rus has grown to be the size of Rome and Carthage to an inglorious fall under the unbearable burden for the vast empire problems.
collapse and confusion
In the battle with the Mongols on the river Kalka (the territory of modern Donetsk region) in late May 1223rd was attended by almost all the southern Russian princes, many of them, as well as many well-born boyars fell in battle.From princes perished closest relatives, servants and senior descendants that led to the birth of the best countries to bleeding.The victory went to the Mongols, and the survivors were expecting captivity and disgrace.With the weakening of the southern Russian principalities intensified offensive Hungarian and Lithuanian feudal lords, but also increased the influence of the princes of Chernigov, Novgorod and Kiev regions.Whatever was the border of Ukraine till 1917, add up all in favor of the Rus?Historians suggest that minor princelings have gnawed each other with the same result - in the battles for power and land would have perished in the most noble and well-born people of Kievan Rus.
Fall Kiev
In 1240 Mongolians (led by Batu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, the terrible,) drew Kiev to ashes.The remains of the city received Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, which the Mongols recognized primarily as his son Alexander Nevsky.But they are not transported in the capital city of Kiev and stayed in Vladimir - away from wild nomads with their arrows, herds and incomprehensible customs.
Before the revolution in 1917 where the boundaries?Where the Kievan Rus seething battle.Then, firmly and finally established a trend that we must take every inch of force.
Galician principality
In 1245-m Yaroslav during a battle (in present-day Poland in the city of Yaroslav the San) Danila Galitsky and his army defeated the regiments of Hungarian and Polish feudal lords.Danila Galitsky, based on the Western alliance against the Golden Horde in 1253, he received from the Pope the title of king.The reign of Daniel Romanovich was a period of the greatest rise of Galicia-Volyn principality.The power of the state has caused concern in the Golden Horde.The Principality was forced to pay tribute to the Horde constantly, and the rulers have pledged to send troops for joint campaigns with Mongols.Nevertheless, the Galicia-Volyn principality managed to successfully resolve in their favor, many foreign policy issues.
border of Ukraine before the revolution in 1917, is changing rapidly.This was in the days of Daniel Galitsky.In the second half of the XIII century, Galicia-Volyn principality did not control the south of the territory, but then regained control over these lands and access to the Black Sea.After 1323rd all newfound territory again was lost for many centuries.Polesie was annexed Lithuania in the beginning of the XIV century in a series of wars between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.The territories ceded to Poland in 1349, became a symbol of the end of the heyday.Starting this year, the Galicia-Volyn principality was formally decline.
New Territories
border of Ukraine before the revolution of 1917, as already mentioned, a myriad of times changed, and that at a time when Lithuania was able to resist the Mongols in the territory of modern Kirovograd, outlines again changed beyond recognition.
Many Orthodox princes were not opposed to rapprochement with Poland, although in 1381-1384, 1389-1392 and 1432-1439 years.It had three civil wars.Many cities, including, for example, Lviv, Kiev, Vladimir-Volyn, got its own government under the Magdeburg Law.
In the 90 years of the XIV century.Jagiello's cousin Vytautas thanks to an alliance with the Mongols succeeded peacefully to join the whole vast territory south of the vast Wild Field.Historically the Ukrainian border, before the 1917 revolution, they later changed little.New areas have allowed the economy and society of that time gradually acquire recognizable features.
Hetmans Ruins
next reformer and has become a landmark ruler Bogdan Khmelnitsky.Revolt of 1648-1654.under his leadership it has led to the emergence of an autonomous Hetman.It is not known before the intervention of the Cossack Ataman where the borders of Ukraine.Until 1917, the state has experienced many more major events.The vague and fragmentary information, often based only on the old, long-lost relevance of statutes and documents.In Khmelnytsky Rada adopted a number of decisions, the ensuing Russo-Polish War of 1654-1667.It helped for the deployment of civil wars between hetman.Left Bank Ukraine wanted to be a part of Russia, and the Right Bank sought to create a strong alliance with Poland.
Home Novorossia
Now you know where the border of Ukraine till 1917 in different historical stages.During the Northern War Hetman Mazepa he was suddenly on the side of the Swedish king Karl XII, who was defeated in the Battle of Poltava.As a result of the autonomy and rights of Hetman were limited, and control a vast territory was run by the Little Russian Collegium.The period after the collapse of the Russian Empire no particular territorial gains gave.
How was formed the Ukrainian border before the 1917 revolution, depended on foreign and domestic policy.The name "New Russia" and outlines the corresponding area of the country acquired in the late 18th century.
