Rugged terrain - it is part of the Earth surface with complex conditions for the movement.The title is, at first glance, does not meet the definition of, or did not accurately characterize this area.Ruggedness The term is used here meaning "irregularity" the earth's surface by different tumors.They produce irregularities, wherein the recess is not required.These formations can also rise and above ground level.
Village: definition and properties
rivers, lakes, mountains and hills, woods and swamps - all this changes the shape of the earth's surface.Rugged terrain - a concept that just characterizes such territory.In dictionaries of the verb "cross" indicates that this expression is used in the value of the determinant of quality or properties of a certain area.In another way we can say that in this area the earth's surface is dissected by various elements of the relief.
terrain suggests that the area is 20% or more of various types of obstacles which in any way complicate the simple movement.They can be naturally occurring or artificially created objects.If such obstacles is less than 20%, then to talk about small crossovers.
roads, viaducts, canals and settlements are built by man, and are the subjects areas.And all that has been created by nature, is called relief.Science studies the topography of these individual elements combine them, and how to display them on the map.
Thus, under the terrain understand some land with existing on the surface of the natural irregularities and artificially created objects (objects).If there are less than 10%, then this area is considered to be non-intersection.More than 30% - evidence rugged.
patency - the property is similar territory, giving insight about the ease or difficulty of movement on it.Here a major factor is the presence or absence of the road network.It is clear that the presence of ravines, rivers, forests and wetlands reduces the permeability.To increase it, it is necessary to carry out the engineering work.
Therefore, the whole area is a conditional cross-roads.Its degree depends on the presence or absence of obstacles on it as a percentage.There are areas of light and rugged as well as areas where there is no possibility of movement.
Features
Rugged terrain (it posted a photo in the article) is divided, depending on the possibility of review.It is open, if the area is easily visible up to 75% in all directions.When the extent of the review is less talk about the closure.Intermediate values ​​may be characterized by conventional intersection.The determining factor in this case is the presence of forests, gardens, hills, settlements with infrastructure, limiting visibility.
soil and vegetation on it and make adjustments.Depending on the type of their territory are desert, prairie, forest, tundra, wetlands and transitional types.The area may have a hilly, flat or mountainous terrain.For flat surface characterized by a height of 300 m above sea level conditional.Rugged terrain - is often a hilly area with more difficult terrain.Mountain areas are divided into three types depending on the prevailing heights: low - to 1000 m, average - up to 2000 meters high - in excess of 2000 m. The hilly determined elevations up to 500 m.
Specificity
rugged terrainIt affects the layout and location of the settlements on the road network.From him to some extent depend on the climatic characteristics of the region.The soil of these places often specific.It affects vegetation cover, groundwater levels and the possibility of their use for human needs and Machinery cultural plantings.
most fertile black soil considered close to him and chestnut soils.But they are for the dirt roads while the abundance of rainfall is less suitable.The most common semi Sandy loam and salt marshes.Primers, unlike soil (fertile top layer) applied to the construction.These in turn are divided into rocky, loose and intermediates.
Objects area, depending on the purpose, location, shape and origin can be divided into several types:
- settlements;
- facilities for industry, agriculture and culture;
- road network and transport communications;
- communication lines and power;
- vegetation;
- hydrographic objects (rivers, lakes) and water facilities at them (ports, piers, moorings).
relief elements
Rugged terrain - a roughness that determine the type and nature of the earth's surface.They are divided into forms of relief.Gore - a dome-shaped or conical hill.The upper part can be acute form (peak) or have a plane (plateau).The base of the mountain is called the sole and the side faces - elephants.If the height of the formation of up to 200 m, it is customary to call it Hill.If it is artificial, it's mound.A few hills, which are located in the same direction to form a ridge.
Lowering the countryside with a bowl-shaped depression called closed-basin.If it is small in size, this pit.Dell called the pronounced reduction in the area in one direction with a clearly noticeable deepening.If such education is steep edges and steep slopes, it is called the ravine.Between two adjacent peaks of the ridge, as a rule, there is a decrease.Such a formation is called a saddle.
traveling over rough terrain
complex terrain and obstacles to travel in the normal mode is not very suitable.If you have to go into this area, it is best to choose a prominent animal tracks, potholes and objects lying firmly on the ground.To lift up the mountain climbing is advisable to use auxiliary equipment and accessories.Particularly dangerous debris as they can form a rockfall.
movement of relatively flat sections can be carried out with measured and rhythmic steps or running (jogging).Obstacles makes slow down, look carefully at his feet, so as not to stop or minimize sprain.Forest, swamp, bushes, sand or snow - all this requires a special step.
presence of luggage behind, slope or uphill impose additional requirements.The descent is sometimes advisable to produce a "serpentine."With a steep rise leg to put on the whole foot, or have their "Christmas tree", spreading socks in hand, and the body tilted slightly forward.
Sports
Rugged terrain - a suitable site for the competition.They can be arranged in different ways.Racing on the territory of a movement-impairing suit jogging, skiing, cycling, motorcycles and cars.Running cross country enters one of the disciplines of athletics.The first official competition in this sport (cross-country) were held in 1837.World Championship was held in 1973.Official competitions are usually in the autumn and winter after the completion of the main track and field season.
cross-country running effectively affects all muscles and body systems.The track is usually laid in the forest area, or in areas of open type.The length can be, depending on the complexity of the area of ​​3 to 12 km.Natural conditions of competition is not affected.Most races take place in the rain, snow and strong winds.
cross-country trains besides muscle strength endurance, strengthens joints and ligaments, heals the heart and vascular system.Loads in overcoming obstacles effectively relieve stress and act as a strong power.
