South Ural Reserve - a place which is worth visiting for anyone who is actively interested in unique objects of the Russian Federation.And to do this it is recommended not only to visitors from near and far abroad, but also to the citizens of our country.Why is that?The thing is that sometimes, born or living close to the stunning location, so we do not find time to meet with them closer.
in South Ural Reserve is to go at any time of the year.Each time it is beautiful and unique in its own way.On a nice spring, summer and autumn days here you can relax among the trees and grass, breathe fresh air, to collect, depending on the season, flowers, berries or mushrooms.But in the winter of the South Ural State Nature Reserve turns into a paradise for lovers of skiing, play snowballs or blind a huge snowman.
This article aims to tell you about a fantastic location, located on the territory of our country.South Ural Reserve actually has a reputation as a favorite vacation spot of locals.But visitors from abroad, unfortunately, there are not so often, but those who are still lucky enough to visit here, as a rule, take their home not only colorful photos, and great memories.
convenient location
South Ural Reserve, whose photos can be found in almost every guidebook, dedicated to the beauty of our country, both located on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan (90% in Beloretsk district) and in the Chelyabinsk region.
way, it should be noted that in Katav-Ivanovsky District Reserve with an area of over 24 thousand. Ha, in the Chelyabinsk region., Located the most mountainous and picturesque countryside of the Southern Urals.
mountain ranges encircling the natural park
South Ural State Reserve is located in the most complex and at the same time the highest part of the Southern Urals.Ridges Mashak, Nara Zigalga, and an array of Kumardak Yamantau form the highest mountain site with the highest mark in 1639 meters above sea level.Western chain is represented by the peaks belonging to the whole system of the Dry Mountain (Merry, Round, Salle, gravel).
complex chain also form the backbone Mashak and an array Yamantau.
rivers and water systems
The reserve river system is part of the watershed district.White.All waterways where you can be classified as small rivers, because of their length is less than 100 km.The largest are considered Small and Large Inzer, Tyulmen, Yuryuzan and roaring.
In addition, there are 13 rivers in the 10-19 km long.The total number of small creeks and streams reaching huge numbers of 300 pieces.
Most of the rivers are flowing nature reserve, with the highest rate of runoff is the river basin.Tyulmen.Summer-autumn low water takes place in June and October, but it is regularly interrupted by rain floods.
river freezes in the reserve, usually in early November.Freezing often persists until the second week of April.
But the least water is fixed in August.
History Reserve
about the middle of the XVIII century.the territory in which today is South Ural Reserve, considered a poorly developed.
For example, looking into the history textbook edge, you can see that in 1795 there were built only three small villages - Berdagulovo, Aripkulovo and Ilmyashevo.
People here in XVIII-XIX Art.mainly engaged in semi-nomadic pastoralists, sometimes apiculture.By the way, it should be noted that until now in the reserve preserved tree hollow trees.
In the XVIII century.It began the so-called mountain-factory stage of development of the Southern Urals: iron-smelting plants were built right on the edge of the reserve.A massive, sometimes reckless, and therefore destructive logging.Construction The charcoal stoves also require a huge amount of resources.In addition, the reserve was under development of iron ore deposits.
In 1924, fortunately for the environment, plants have been shut down, then closed, and the development of the forest industry has received.
Flora South Ural Reserve
Today on the territory of the natural park is located 698 species of higher plants, 121 views mushrooms, lots of moss, soil algae, lichens.
It should be noted that many of them listed in the Red Book of Russia, and 57 species are true relics of the past geological epochs.
forests in the reserve covers 90% of the area, with the key tree species are coniferous (4 species) and deciduous trees (10 species).
32% of the reserve occupied by coniferous spruce-fir forests, where it is especially common fir and Siberian spruce.Coniferous forests are formed, as a rule, Scots pine and are located in the southern part of the reserve, they unfortunately suffered the most due to illegal logging.
encountered in the reserve and small arrays with a predominance of gray alder, linden serdtselistnoy, English oak, maple, birch winding and fluffy, various willows, cherry.
South Ural Reserve.Animals and birds
The reserve is home to 50 species of mammals, 260 - vertebrate, 20 - fish, 189 -ptits, and 5 species of reptiles and amphibians.
mammalian fauna mostly represented by the forest inhabitants, but there are two acclimatized kinds - is the American mink and muskrat.
Of ungulates especially moose distributed.The number of these animals is only 400-700 individuals, which is not so much as it might seem at first glance.
From time to time, walking along the forest paths and lawns, you can also come across deer and wild boar.Continuing South Ural Reserve inhabited by 13 species of carnivorous mammals, including the brown bear, columns, wolf, fox, lynx, marten, weasel, ermine and others.
There are also disappearing in the republic river otter.Familiar and quite common inhabitants of this natural park can be considered a badger and hare.
Within the reserve inhabited by 19 species of rodents, of which the most common are squirrel, chipmunk, beaver, mice and voles.Very rare species - this is perhaps the flying squirrel.Pitcher presented here eight species, the most frequent common hedgehog and mole, shrew, and others.
Today, exactly 189 species of birds inhabit the reserve.By the way, 11 of them for a long time in the Red Book of the country: the peregrine falcon, black stork, golden eagle, red-breasted goose, serpent eagle, greater spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle, owl, falcon, oystercatcher, shrike.
bird fauna consists mainly of forest birds, the most common grouse and capercaillie.
What is the role in the protection of nature reserve
This issue deserves special attention, so it's worth it to give a more detailed answer.What is the need of the place, if any, of course, there?
The fact is that South Ural Russian nature reserve was established to ensure that the unique natural complexes of the Southern Urals preserved in its natural, original form.This is especially true luxury spruce-fir forests.Rare species of local flora, fauna, natural wetlands, alpine plant communities - all of which should be preserved for future generations and for the good of our country.
Interesting facts
Speaking of this nature park, not to mention a few of the most interesting data.
For example, not everyone knows that the total length of the reserve is 270 km.This area is really huge, even on the scale of the Russian Federation.
western part of the reserve - the right bank district.Yamashta, p.Tyulmen and eastern slopes of the so-called dry mountains.North also coincides with the Republican cordon border, which is about 40 km.
Reserve is located in the highest part of the southern Urals.Here, on its territory, were once based special settlements for repressed persons and internment camp for Germans.
