collection form payments emerged during the development of international trade.It is not known exactly when the first operation was carried out, but these days settled collections play an important role in the export-import operations, indicating their relevance.However, this quite convenient form of payment has not been active in the spread of Russia, which is associated with the imperfection of the legislation, as well as low business culture of entrepreneurs.
basic scheme of payments under the collection is quite simple.It contains such aspects like:
- trustee - the person who requests the conduct collection operations remitting bank;
- remitting bank;
- a bank that receives funds (collecting);
- Bank, which provides documents, Ltd. (representative);
- payer of the collection.
Calculations under the collection are accompanied by the following general operating procedures:
- the principal payer and draw up contract documents, according to which the shipment of goods is carried out by the principal;
- the principal receives a document from the carrier and transmits them to the remitting bank.
Last check a set of documents (mainly to meet external signs of the documents specified in the collection).
If no errors remitting bank sends them to the collection instruction to the collecting bank:
- bank (the collecting bank or other representative) sends earlier documents and the collection order for review.Then the payer pays the required amount, receives the documents in his hands;
- the funds transferred to the remitting bank, which is credited to the account of the principal.
calculation of the collection suggests that a package of documents for the products can include both purely financial documents (clean collection) and commercial paper (documentary collection).
When making a collection order can be chosen as one of three regimens:
- documents against payment.The scheme applies if the collecting bank can receive payment immediately (sometimes cash);
- scheme "documents against acceptance" when the payer issues a bill of exchange;
- operation collection with acceptance.Bank (collecting) sends a bill for acceptance to the payer after receipt of the bill, and that is stored, and a package of documents to the receipt of payment.The following documents shall be transferred to the payer.
What is convenient and inconvenient calculations for collection?On the one hand, this form provides a faster turnover by dividing the movement of goods and payment.Also convenient is that the payer is entitled to the goods without the need to advance to extract money from circulation.But also keep in mind that the calculation of the collection are quite risky for the principal (supplier), who can send the goods at a certain probability of failure of the payer to fulfill payment obligations.In addition, there is a time lag (often quite large) between payment and receipt of the goods, which can be more than a week to move by sea from one port to another.
