For 119 years society can not in any way decide who invented radio.The fact that almost at the same time it is a great discovery made several scientists from different countries.Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi, Nikola Tesla, Heinrich Hertz, Ernest Rutherford - all these people in one way or another connected with the radio.It is not important which of them first visited the brilliant idea, all scientists have invested in the development of science an invaluable contribution.
opening of the electromagnetic field
If you ask the Russians and the Europeans about who invented the radio, the answers will be very different, the first answer is that it Popov, and the second - Marconi.Who is right, in fact, and who is wrong?The concept of the electromagnetic field was introduced in 1845 by Michael Faraday, it was one of the most important discoveries of mankind.After 20 years after that James Maxwell created the theory of the electromagnetic field, and brought all his laws.Scientist proved that electromagnetic radiation can propagate through space at the speed of light.
Achievements Hertz's discovery of radio
held largely thanks to Heinrich Hertz.This brilliant scientist in 1887 created the generator and the resonator electromagnetic oscillations.Just a year later he showed the public the existence of electromagnetic waves, propagating at the speed of light in free space.Some historians insist that the radio was invented by Faraday, Maxwell and Hertz.The first and second opened the existence of electromagnetic waves, and Henry created the unit.
The problem is that the design of Hertz worked only a few meters away from each other, the receiver could be seen just a spark, and then in the dark.The device was not ideal and demanded improvements.Brilliant engineer and experimenter cost nothing to improve his invention.Unfortunately, Hertz died at the age of 37 in 1894, shortly before the opening of Marconi and Popov.
similarity experiments Marconi and Popov
If we look at the technical side, the Popov and Marconi are not discovered anything new, but only used the invention of other scientists to create an improved instrument.By design, scientists have added Hertz grounding and antenna for best reception and signals an coherer - a glass tube with metal filings inside.This device was invented by Edward Brangli and improved Oliver Lodge.Scientists are not interested in the practical application of the coherer, but Marconi Popov used it instead of a spark to turn the call.It turns out that the Russian and the Italian did the same thing, but one of them thought of it first, unknown until now.Of course, Russia firmly believes that it has created Popov radio.
biography Popov Alexander Stepanovich Popov was born in the Urals, March 16, 1859 in the family priest.He first graduated from the secondary classes of the seminary, but because he was attracted by electronics, the young man went to St. Petersburg, where he enrolled at the University of Physics and Mathematics.At first he worked as an ordinary mechanic, and in 1882, Popov wrote and defended his thesis on the dynamo-electric machines.
After graduation, Alexander Stepanovich preparing for a professorship.In 1883 the scientist began to teach in Kronstadt in a mine officer class.At the same time Popov spent teaching at the Technical School of the Naval Department.After 8 years of Alexander Stepanovich was invited to Petersburg's Electrotechnical Institute, a professor in the physics department.In 1905 Popov became the director of this institution.The great scientist died on January 13, 1906, was the cause of the imminent demise of a brain hemorrhage.
Benefits
Popov Alexander Stepanovich worked closely with the Navy, and it is for the navy, he invented the radio.Popov was always interested in the experiments of Hertz, so in 1889 he gave a series of lectures with accompanying demonstrations on the topic of research on the relationship between electrical and light phenomena.Scientific hinted at the meetings, that this knowledge can be applied in practice, which led to an interest on the part of leadership of the Navy.
Alexander Stepanovich can safely be called the first person in Russia who not only understood the value of Hertz's experiments, but found them to practical use.May 7, 1895, when Popov invented the radio and instrument designed demonstrated at the meeting of Russian physicists, of the creation of Marconi had not yet been known.It was on May 7 in Russia considered to be the creation of the radio.
entire 1895 Popov dedicated to improving the radio, he conducted experiments for the reception and transmission of electromagnetic waves at a distance of 60 m. January 20, 1897 Russian scientists have come to defend their right to priority claims.The newspaper "Kotlin" an article entitled "Wiring without wires" to learn about the experiences of Marconi, Popov wrote it.The first radio invented by Alexander Stepanovich, he showed his spring 1895 and planned to continue to work on its improvement, but it is not documented designed his device.
The principle of operation of the first radio
Many inventors could not find the use of his inventions, and only brilliant people with special abilities and extraordinary thinking, scientific idea can become a reality, it relates to such geniuses and Alexander Popov.Radio created a great scientist, a member of the discoveries of various engineers and physicists.So, Popov used as a conductor coherer he guessed to use this device as a call recorder and the input signal.Alexander Stepanovich coherer put together, and call antenna, built a device for receiving the waves and lightning.Using radio scientist can transmit special signals meaningful text.
Why in Europe believe the founder of Radio Marconi?
Scientists still can not come to a common agreement on the question of who invented the radio.Alexander Popov demonstrated his invention of May 7, 1895, and Guglielmo Marconi made a patent application until June 1896.At first glance, everything seems to be clear, the palm is to give Russian scientist, but not so simple.The fact that Popov did not try to tell the public about their research, and informed about them only a narrow circle of people - scientists and naval officers.He understood how important this work is for the homeland, so the printed publications are not in a hurry, doing the practical part.
Guglielmo Marconi grew up in a capitalist country, so he tried to fix not historical or scientific priority and Law.He did not devote up to date, but only when the invention was ready, made an application for a patent.Of course, the story has nothing to do with the legal side, but some historians side with Marconi.The patent was issued July 2, 1897, ie two years after the demonstration Popov, his invention.However, at the Marconi it was a document setting forth its priority, and Russian scientist limited only to the printed publication.
Achieving Americans
The dispute about who invented radio in 1943, the Americans intervened, and because they found the country's craftsman who created the receiver.US outraged by the fact that the first place is shared between the Europeans and the Russians, because it is their compatriot Nikola Tesla, the famous electrical engineer and scientist who first made a great discovery.The veracity of this statement has been proven in court.
Tesla in 1893, patented the radio, and two years later - the radio.The device is an American scientist in the radio could transform acoustic sound, pass it, again converting into an acoustic sound.That is, it worked like a modern device.Construction Popov and Marconi noticeably lose, because they can transmit and receive radio signals with a Morse code.
Who should give the palm?
Who are the scientists first invented radio?The answer to this question is not so important, the main thing that the best minds working on a new device, put it in his work and knowledge.Marconi, Popov and Tesla are not connected with each other, living in different countries and even on different continents, so no one who did not steal ideas.It turns out that the idea of a radio scientist came about the same time.This set of circumstances has once again confirmed the law Engels when the time came for the opening, the opening is sure someone will do.
