Chemistry - a science with a long history.In its development have contributed many famous scientists.To see the reflection of their achievements are in the table of chemical elements, where there are substances named in their honor.What is and what is the history of their appearance?Consider the issue in detail.
Einstein
starts to list the chemical elements named after the scientists who is from one of the most famous.Einstein was artificially produced and named in honor of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century.An element atomic number of 99, he has no stable isotopes and is related to transuranic of which opened the seventh.His team of scientists has identified Ghiorso in December 1952.Find einsteinium possible in the dust, which remains as a result of a thermonuclear explosion.For the first time working with him were held at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, and later in the Argonne and Los Alamos.The half-life isotopes is twenty days, which makes Einstein's most dangerous radioactive elements.Studying it is quite difficult because of the difficulty of obtaining in vitro.In the form of a metal with a high volatility it can be obtained by chemical reaction with the lithium crystals obtained will differ face-centered cubic structure.In aqueous solution, the element gives a green color.
Curium
history of the discovery of the chemical elements and their associated processes is impossible without mentioning the works of this family.Marie Sklodowska Curie and Pierre made a serious contribution to the development of world science.Their work as a founder of the science of radioactivity reflects the element named, respectively.Curium belongs to the family of actinides, and has the atomic number 96. It has no stable isotopes.For the first time he received in 1944 the Americans Seaborg, James and Ghiorso.Some isotopes of curium differ incredibly long half-life.In a nuclear reactor can be created in kilogram quantities under neutron irradiation of uranium or plutonium.Element curium is a silvery metal with a melting point in the three hundred and forty degrees tysyachu Celsius.From other actinides is separated via ion exchange techniques.Strong heat from the radioactive decay allows its use for the manufacture of power sources with compact dimensions.Other chemical elements named after the scientists who often do not have enough actual practical application, curium can also serve to create a generator, able to work for several months.
Mendelevium
You can not forget about the creator of the most important in the history of chemistry classification system.Mendeleev was one of the greatest scientists of the past years.Therefore the history of the discovery of the chemical elements is reflected not only in his table, and the names in his honor.The substance was obtained in 1955 by American scientists Harvey Ghiorso, Choppinom, Thompson and Seaborg.Mendelevium element belongs to the family of actinides, and has the atomic number 101. It is radioactive and occurs during a nuclear reaction involving Einstein.As a result of the first experiments of American scientists were able to obtain only seventeen atoms mende-, but even this amount was enough to determine its properties and location in the periodic table.
Nobel
discovery of the chemical elements often occurs as a result of artificial processes in the laboratory.This applies to the Nobel, which was first produced in 1957 a group of scientists from Stockholm, suggested naming it in honor of the founder of the Foundation of the international scientific awards.At the atomic number of the element 102, it belongs to the family of actinides.Reliable data about nobelium isotopes were obtained in the sixties by researchers from the Soviet Union, the head of which was Fleury.To synthesize the core U, Pu and Am ions were irradiated with O, N, Ne.The result was obtained isotopes with mass numbers from 250 to 260, the longest-lived of which was an element with a half-life long hour and a half.Volatility chloride nobelium is similar to that of other actinides, as obtained from experiments in laboratories.
Lawrencium
chemical element of the actinide series with atomic number 103, as well as many other similar, was obtained artificially.Stable isotopes of Lawrence there.For the first time it was possible to synthesize the American scientists, headed Ghiorso in 1961.The results of the experiments are no longer able to repeat, but the name originally chosen element remains the same.Information about isotopes managed to obtain Soviet physicists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna.They got them by irradiation of americium accelerated ions of oxygen.It is known that the kernel lawrencium emits radioactive radiation, and the half-life is about half a minute.In 1969, scientists from the Dubna managed to get the other isotopes of the element.Physicists from the American University of Berkeley have created new in 1971. Their mass numbers ranged from 257 to 260, and turned out to be the most stable isotope with a half-life of three minutes in length.Chemical properties lawrencium resemble those of other heavy actinides - it has been established by several scientific experiments.
Rutherfordium
enumerating the chemical elements named after the scientists who should definitely mention this.Rutherfordium has a sequence number 104 and is part of the fourth group of the periodic system.The first transuranic element to create this group of scientists succeeded in Dubna in 1964.This happened during the bombardment of atomic nuclei of carbon Calif.The new element was decided to call in honor of chemist Rutherford from New Zealand.In nature, Rutherford found.The most long-lived isotope has a half-life of his long and sixty-five seconds.Practical use in this element of the periodic table is not.
Seaborg
discovery of the chemical elements has become a major part of the career physicist Albert Ghiorso from the United States.Seaborg was received by him in 1974. This is a chemical element in the sixth group of the periodic table with an atomic number of 106 and a weight of 263. It was discovered by bombarding californium nuclei of atoms of oxygen.The process has received only a few atoms, so a detailed study of the properties of the element was difficult.The nature of the radioactive metal seaborgium does not occur, so it is of exceptional scientific interest.
Boriy
enumerating the chemical elements named after the scientists, it is worth mentioning this.Boriy refers to the seventh group of the periodic table.It has the atomic number 107 and the weight 262. For the first time it received in 1981 in Germany, in the city of Darmstadt.Scientists Armbrust Munzenberg and decided to name it in honor of Niels Bohr.Getting there was an element by bombarding bismuth atom nuclei of chromium.Boriy refers to the transuranic metals.During the experiment it was obtained by a few atoms, which is not sufficient for thorough study.Is unparalleled in nature, Boriy matters exclusively within the scientific interest, in the same way as the above-mentioned RD, too, created artificially in the laboratory.
