eachother - this dictum, which occurred a long time ago.Science, which is engaged in its study, nazyvetsya aphorism.It poses an important question: "When he appeared in the literature?We know this concept for a long time and appeared recently? "In order to give a concrete answer to this question, it is necessary to study history.However, here we must be careful to consider two aspects: the aphorism as a genre and as a word.
emergence of aphorism as words
This concept is well known for a long time.Back in the 5th century BC.e.Hippocrates, the ancient Greek scientist named treatise on medicine aphorisms.It signals the diagnoses and symptoms of certain diseases and how to prevent them, and healed them.Today, many are known aphorism: "Life - a short period, but art is eternal", "Do not do evil - will not be in fear" and others. Antique literature can also tell about the use of the concept.German scientists P. Rekvadt, F. Schalck proved that the word was not only medical value, but also used as a wise saying, gnome, sentence, and as concise and brief style.
introduction of concepts in various sciences
In the 8th century, Dante asserted that "aphorism" - a medical term.Over time, it began to spread to other sectors.It began to appear in the natural sciences, politics, philosophy and law.Tacitus ordained transition aphorism of medicine in the political sector.Then he compared the human body state, which required treatment moral agents and drugs.Antonio Perez believed that aphorism - it is his political statements about morality.Many researchers believe that they are literary and artistic form.
Introduction to Russian literature
only in the 18th century in Russia there were such a thing.The meaning of "aphorism" was interpreted in terms of medicine and literature.Start of 19th century was marked by the appearance of books that became known as aphorisms.So, K. Smitten published a collection, called "Aphorisms, Selected, or thoughts of various writers ...".Next, the book began to appear with such remarks, and later the term became especially popular.There was a lot of collections that contained the expression of various authors.After the interest has died down a bit, and at the end of the 20th century there were books that were called "aphorisms."Today, the term is considered only in the literary sense.
history aphorism as a genre
history aphorism as the genre is considered to be much more controversial and difficult, but at the same time is more important than the previous.On the question of what the word aphorism as a genre, a clear answer nobody can.In Germany, they believe that it arose only in modern literature, and has nothing to do with the genre.However, other scholars argue that the aphorism - this statement.That is why you need to consider its history in terms of expression.Modern literature says that saying and aphorism - it is the same thing.Today, these concepts are strongly associated with the names of ancient thinkers.Antique and modern sayings known as aphorisms.They have nothing of each other are different and have the same characteristics in terms of genre: short, imagery, wisdom, an author and semantic completeness.All this indicates that they belong to one genre.In other words, aphorisms - modern sayings and sayings - it is their past.They, of course, have their own characteristics, but to talk about their synonymy still not advisable, as they have some differences.
history aphorism, sayings
This process began long before there was the word "aphorism".There is evidence that even in the third millennium BC.e.Egypt existed sayings.They are also available in many civilizations of the East.They were quite popular in Greece.To have survived sayings of Plato, Socrates, Pythagoras, Epicurus, and other philosophers.In the Renaissance, they have spread in Europe.In the work of Erasmus «Adagia» has collected a huge number of winged phrases and proverbs.In England aphorisms created Wilde, Shaw, Smiles and others. At the end of the 19th century began to study theoretical essence and lexical meaning of the word "aphorism".It should be noted a significant expansion of subjects and the introduction of wit.That is why aphorisms spread in literary criticism, politics and history.Changed style, any humorous aphorisms, paradoxical and satirical character, which was not observed in medieval sayings.
Aphorisms.What it is?Examples of use
Encyclopedia describes the aphorism as the type of statements that allows using sophisticated surprises convince using statements.It is not able to assure a logical manner and using the unexpected relationship words.Written statements fully convinced of the correctness and applies witty and original clutch words.For clarity, it should be considered examples of classical aphorisms.Gorky said: "the right not to give, take the right."Mayakovsky: "The word - general human power."Descartes: "I think - therefore I am."Marx: "Religion - the opium of the people" and others.
main characteristics of aphorisms
All of them unexpected and original.That is what they are working on our consciousness.They are really deep and full comprehension of the phenomena that they describe.They do not contain direct evidence and predictable.A distinctive feature of their logic is considered.If it is good to think about, you can find the necessary arguments and evidence.They can affect our memory of its original wording.A semantic impact on the value of our consciousness.There are some sayings that are quite unexpected findings and do not coincide with the views of most people.However, these signs are the exception to the rule.One can not say that aphorisms are illogical and contradictory.They are children of science.Today, they are close to it its logic, accuracy and regularity.
Features subjects
Usually aphorisms are aimed at the "eternal" questions.They raised the truths that have long been forgotten, but are important enough.They acquire a new, quite original envelope.And it strongly enough attracts attention and fixes it in memory.Aphorisms do not have a church raid, unlike sayings.We always know exactly their authors.Subjects sayings has a moral and ethical direction, and aphorisms from this range is much wider.There are a lot of aphorisms, slogans.One of them expressed by Victor Hugo: "War to the pillory."Some are ironic character.D. Jeremic said: "Perpetrators are even those who want to forcibly bring happiness to others."It is important to note that they have romantic elation and emotion.They have since the title of "high style".Today still differentiate the concept of "aphorism" and "saying," despite the fact that they have a lot of similarities.They have a similar history of the origin and belong to the same genre.It should be noted that incorrect views on the aphorism today already made themselves felt ...
