All organizations can be divided into two categories: commercial and noncommercial.The main objective of the establishment and operation of commercial organizations is profit.For non-profit organizations - profit is not important goal.
Types of commercial organizations according to civil law:
- general partnerships;
- cooperatives;
- Limited Liability Company;
- municipal and state unitary enterprises;
- limited partnerships;
- additional liability;
- joint-stock companies;
features of each type:
- Partnership (full) - are commercial organizations, which are based on a special memorandum of association.Entrepreneurial activity is carried out in full partnership on behalf of the partnership.All members of the partnership bear the financial responsibility for the activities of the commercial organization.Losses and profits are distributed between each party in proportion to its contribution.
- Production cooperatives - are commercial entities operating on the basis of the personal desires of the citizens, for the purpose of joint economic and industrial activity.Each member of the cooperative should be personally involved in economic or industrial activity.The responsibility of each member - subsidiary.The governing body - Meeting of the members of the cooperative.
- Limited Liability Company - an organization in which the share capital is divided into shares between the founders according to the constituent documents.The profit is distributed among the participants according to their company shares.Members are not liable for the debts and liabilities of the organization.The highest governing body is the assembly company participants.
- Unitary enterprises - are commercial organizations that do not have the right to dispose of the property assigned to them by the owner.The unitary enterprise can not be divided between the parties.The owner of the property of such companies recognized state or municipal service.The management body - the head, appointed by the owner of the company.
- Partnership (limited) - are commercial organizations, in which participants are responsible for the liabilities and debts of the company with their property.In a limited partnership, as opposed to a full partnership, there are some investors who are responsible for the risk of losses.
- Additional liability - a society founded by one or several founders.The authorized capital is divided between the parties ODO shares that are defined in the founding documents.ODO carries two types of liability:
* society itself in the amount of the Fund;
* every member of society (according to contributions).
- joint-stock company - the organization in which the share capital is divided into an equal number of shares at cost, which certify the right party on society.The shareholders' meeting - the main management body.The number of votes which each shareholder is distributed in proportion to the number of shares acquired.Profit is also divided in proportion to the number of shares.Joint-stock companies in which the shares can be sold not only to shareholders, called open.Joint-stock companies in which the shares can not be sold without the prior consent of shareholders are called closed.
Register of commercial organizations takes place in the registration authorities.This necessarily takes into account peculiarities of registration and the creation of organizations.
