Any entrepreneur wants to sell his property at a profit.But it does not always work.For example, if the company decided to sell old equipment on the market price is lower than the carrying amount, the financial result of the transaction will be negative.To learn how to display the write-off of losses from the sale of the operating system, read on.

Document

Implementation OS executed contract.According to the request of the Guidelines for BU, both sides need to sign an act of acceptance and transfer.Information about the removal from the register object entered in the inventory card.On the basis of these accounting documents shows the operation in the OU.And if the transaction was a loss, then you need to be especially careful, since the Tax Acts and have different standards.Let us examine them in more detail.

Tax risks

Very often, to increase demand for the products or the full realization of residues management decides to sell the goods below cost.Many accountants are afraid of such a situation, because it is prohibited by law.Is it really?

1. The price can not be below cost.

cost of electricity, gas and telecommunications services regulated by the government.In other cases, the price is negotiable and there are no restrictions in the Civil Code is not registered.Antitrust Company monitors the actions of the "big players".Companies with low specific weight on the market should not worry.

2. Loss from sale if the price is lower with \ s not considered in taxation.

base is calculated on all transactions.A separate procedure is provided only for transactions with the Central Bank.There is also a ban on the recognition of the costs of the difference between the market price and the sales employee.For other operation no rules.If the company does not operate at a loss systematically, the sale of the operating system will be closed with a loss of income from other operations.

3. If the purchase price is lower, the state authorities assessed additional taxes

This is possible only if the transaction is controlled.Then the tax will have to prove that its price is comparable with a market.

4. Expenditures for the purchase of goods sold at a loss, can not be taken into account when calculating the NPP.

If the cost were aimed at generating income, they are economically justified.And the end result does not matter.

5. If the goods have been sold at a loss, to deduct the VAT on them can not be accepted.

This is not quite true.Deduct VAT on goods can be unprofitable if the organization proves that this deal has allowed to avoid even greater economic losses.But if the operation was carried out only on paper, the tax does not accept such an explanation.

Reflection loss OU

According to Art.323 of the Tax Code of profit and losses from the sale of the operating system must be determined for each object individually.Proceeds from the sale of property, net of VAT is accounted in revenues.This amount a taxpayer can reduce the residual value, taking into account the costs associated with the sale of: the cost of storage, maintenance and transportation.

financial result from operations is calculated on the organization of the date of recognition of income.If ou use the accrual method, the income from the sale of the OS is calculated at the time of transfer of ownership.If you use the cash method, on the date of transfer of funds to a bank account.

Loss on sale of fixed assets is equal to other expenses.If the taxation of profits - is taken into account in the manner prescribed by n. 3 of Art.268 of the Tax Code.It is included in expenses in equal installments over the term of which is calculated as the difference between the useful and the actual use before the sale.It must deduct from the next month after the implementation.

How to reflect the loss of sales in the reporting OS?

financial result of the transaction is reflected in the declaration of income tax (NPP).Revenue is shown on line 060 of the first applications of the second sheet of the declaration.The residual value, together with the costs shown in the line 150 of the second application, the loss - at p. 200, reducing the total cost (p. 270).Part of the negative financial result from the sale, which can be taken into account for tax purposes of the current period is shown in the line 090. Accrued compensation for the deterioration of the sold fixed in OS p. 280 of the second application.

example

In August 2012 JSC "X" operating system has sold over 59 thousand. Rub.(including 9 thousand. rub. - VAT).This property has been taken to account at cost of 120 thousand. Rubles with a term of amortization 8 years (96 months).The company uses the accrual method to determine the financial performance of the transaction and the line - for depreciation.The amount of monthly compensation for wear - 1.25 thousand. Rub.The actual use of the term - 38 months, and accumulated depreciation - 47.5 thousand. Rub.The amount of costs to sell - of 1.18 rubles.VAT included.

loss in the amount of 23.5 thousand. rub.that is displayed in the line 200, then evenly (at 405 rubles.) is deducted each month for 58 months (96-38 months).The first part of the report states in September 2012 in line 090. Documents confirming the loss from the sale of the operating system, need to be stored until when it reduces the tax base NPP.

A financial result in BU

According to para. 7 PBU, proceeds from the sale are recognized OS BU as operating income.Costs associated with the implementation of these objects are recognized as expenses.These amounts are recorded in the BU full this month.Thus, the first difference from the OU is that the losses written off immediately, and not in parts.Therefore there is a deductible temporary difference, because of which formed a deferred tax asset.In the future it will reduce the amount of NPP to be paid to the budget.

example

supplement the data of the first example.In August 2012 the company accountant should display a loss of sales.Wiring:

DT 91-2 KR 60 - 1 ths. Rub.- Payment for the services of another organization;
DT 19 KR 60 - 180 rubles.- A reflection of the VAT;
KR 91-1 DT 62 - 59 thousand. Rub.- Operating income from the sale;
DT 91-2 KR 68 - 9 th. Rubles - charged VAT;
DT 01-2 KR 01-1 - 120 thousand. Rubles - written off the original cost;
DT 02 KR 01-2 - 47.5 thousand. Rub.- Amortization charged during use;
DT 91-2 KR 01-2 - 72.5 thousand. Rubles - the residual value taken into account in the cost;
DT 09 KR 68 - 6.64 thousand. Rubles (23.5 thousand. Rub. X 24%) - tax asset.

Over the next 56 months.BU will be charged in a loss of sales.Wiring:

DT 68 KR 09 - 97.24 rubles.(5640 rubles. \ 58 months).

sale of goods at a loss

Implementation GP takes place under the terms of the agreement.Products considered to be sold when the buyer's right of ownership.This procedure is established in Sec. 1, Art.223 of the Civil Code.Unless otherwise prescribed in the contract, it occurs at the time of transfer of the product to the buyer.After shipping organization must calculate the financial result of the transaction.For this purpose, a special rig profit and loss account "90".It is recognized by DT expenditure implementation and loan - the income from sales.On danym subaccounts calculated on the financial result for the current period:

turnover KR 90-1 - Turnover DT.90-2,3,4 = profit \ loss from sales.

wiring, which issued a positive financial result:

DT 90-9 KR 99 - Profit.

DT 99 KR 90-9 - loss on sales (the opposite of the previous entry).

sub-accounts are closed at the end of the year internal records in the Reformation of balance.

BU revenue is recognized in income if:

- the right to receive the money is confirmed by the contract;

- the amount of revenue can be calculated;

- as a result of the operation will increase the agronomic benefits of the organization;

- buyers have the right of ownership.

If at least one of these conditions is not met, the revenue can not be recognized, such goods must be considered at DT MF 45.

Accounting implementing GP

Posting "profit \ loss from sales" generated after accounting for all costs associated with the implementation of the GP.

Filing reports

For a more detailed review of the financial results of the company in addition to the balance shall also report on the profit and loss account.It describes in detail all income and expenses in the current period.

Line 010 shows the revenue from the sale of goods.Here you can see the amount from ordinary activities.If any of these revenues exceed 5% of the total, it signs in detail 011-013.Profit and loss account is based on an accrual basis.That is revenue recognized as such at the time of shipment to the buyer.But often in contracts stipulates that ownership of the goods transferred after Payment.In such cases, sales are included in the report on the date of transfer of money.

Next, paint the cost of produced goods: The totals on line 020 and in detail for each type of activity - 021-023.This is followed by gross profit - p. 030.

Profit and loss account reflects not only the sources of funds, but also the costs associated with the sale of goods and services.In particular, in line 030, and 040 is displayed sum of selling and administrative expenses for the sale.Next painted interest earned on deposits and bonds (060), and those that are payable to the bank (070), the percentage of involvement of other OA (080) Other operating (090, 100) and extraordinary (110, 120) income and expenses.

other income include:

• revenue from sales by third parties of temporary property;
• profits from the joint activities of several organizations;
• interest on deposits and loans;
• income from patents;
• proceeds from the sale of assets;
• received in the current period fines, penalties and interest;
• other unaccounted receipts.

K Other expenses (100) includes the cost of:

• creation of assets;

• introduction of patents;
• debit of the company;
• interest on loans incurred
• fines, penalties and interest;
• brokerage services;
• packet loss in the assets of the Central Bank;
• charity;
• content of frozen assets;
• cancellation of transactions;
• costs of an emergency;
• Other unaccounted expenses.

difference between all income and expenditure shown in the line 140 "Profit \ Loss before tax."After deducting the NPP (150) and other obligatory payments (150) is calculated financial result from ordinary activities (160).If extraordinary income or expense in the current period were not, the same amount appears in "PE \ NC" (190).So prepared "Profit and Loss".

Reference data

This section must be completed if the firm has tax assets (NA) or liability (NO).

Line 150 should specify the amount of the company is constantly available but, for example, payment of travel, compensation for the operation of personal transport, etc.That is, in this line indicates earnings that are taken into account in-hand, but are not subject to SPE.

financial result per share - the balance between the PE businesses and dividends.To calculate the weighted average number of shares that were in circulation, it is necessary to lay down their number at the beginning of every month and then divided by 12.

If the Central Bank placed at below market price, it is necessary to carry out such a calculation:

Average value per share = (A1 + A2) / SC

A1 - the price of the shares by the end of the placement by multiplying their number;

A2 - Proceeds from sale of securities at a lower cost;

spacecraft - the number of shares in circulation.

Diluted financial result

This operation will reveal how you can increase the profit of one of the Central Bank if:

- swap preferred shares for the simple;

- try to buy back the shares at below market price.

order to calculate future profits, it is necessary to determine the income and expenses associated with the change of status, or a decrease in value.Such revenue is the difference between the market and the actual share price and interest income.Expenses - compensation to shareholders, the board of the reorganization.

Summary

sell goods below cost is possible, but it is willing to be very careful.As a result of such an operation necessarily occurs a difference in the financial results in the OU and BU.In the first case the amount of the loss is written off in installments.And the second - immediately.